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Learning Objectives

  1. Compare and evaluate the merits of Freud’s use of the concept of anxiety in the etiology of the neuroses versus the descriptive approach used in DSM since 1980.

  2. Distinguish between fear and anxiety.

  3. Describe the major features of phobias, identify and differentiate different subtypes of phobia, explicate the major etiological hypotheses, and discuss the most effective treatment approaches.

  4. List the diagnostic criteria for panic disorder, contrast panic attacks and other types of anxiety, explain the association with agoraphobia. Summarize prevalence, age of onset, and comorbidity.

  5. Describe recent findings on biological, behavioral, and cognitive influence for anxiety proneness. Summarize the evidence that anxiety sensitivity constitutes a diathesis for development of panic attacks.

  6. Describe how safety behaviors and cognitive biases help to maintain panic.

  7. Compare and contrast the major treatment approaches for panic disorder and agoraphobia.

  8. Summarize the central features of generalized anxiety disorder, and distinguish among psychoanalytic, conditioning, and cognitive theories of etiology.

  9. Identify the central nervous system processes and structures associated with generalized anxiety disorder, and evaluate treatments for the disorder.

  10. Describe the defining features of obsessive-compulsive disorder, summarize theories of etiology along with supporting evidence (or the lack thereof), and outline the treatment of OCD.

  11. Provide several examples of sociocultural effects on anxiety disorders.





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