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Learning Objectives

  1. Provide a general overview of a.) the assumptions and goals of psychotherapy, b.) the varied types of individuals who receive psychotherapy, c.) the various categories of providers of psychotherapeutic services and their specialized training, d.) the critical elements of the therapeutic relationship, and e.) qualities that enhance therapy.

  2. Discuss the many difficulties associated with attempting to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy.

  3. Explain what is meant by negative process, and describe potential deteriorative effects in psychotherapy.

  4. Discuss the methodology as well as the value and limitations of efficacy psychotherapy outcome studies, and the other issues related to determining a therapeutic approach.

  5. Summarize the major psychopharmacological treatments currently in use (antipsychotics, antidepressants, antianxiety drugs, and lithium and other mood-stabilizers), discussing their history, major effects, side effects, modes of action, and effectiveness.

  6. Outline the issues associated with the widespread possibility of “cosmetic psychopharmacology” drugs such as Prozac.

  7. Describe early attempts at biological intervention, including coma and convulsive therapies and neurosurgery, and indicate which are currently believed to be effective.

  8. Discuss the advantages of combining biological and psychological forms of treatment.

  9. List and describe the basic goals and techniques of the behavior therapies. Summarize recent developments in the behavior therapies, and evaluate their effectiveness in the treatment of maladaptive behavior.

  10. List and describe the basic goals and techniques of the cognitive and the cognitive-behavior therapies. Summarize recent developments, and evaluate their effectiveness in the treatment of maladaptive behavior.

  11. List and describe the basic goals and techniques of the humanistic-experiential therapies. Summarize recent developments in the humanistic-experiential therapies, and evaluate their effectiveness in the treatment of maladaptive behavior.

  12. List and describe the basic goals and techniques of psychoanalysis, as well as developments in psychodynamic therapy since Freud. Evaluate the effectiveness of the psychodynamic approach to the treatment of maladaptive behavior.

  13. Describe the basic goals and techniques of couples counseling, family therapy, and group therapy. Summarize recent developments in these therapies, and evaluate their effectiveness in the treatment of maladaptive relationships.

  14. Review the issues and evidence surrounding the matching or mismatching of ethnicity in client-therapy pairings, and its potential effects on the therapeutic process.





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