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Social Perception: Understanding Others
Chapter Objectives
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After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
- Describe the major purpose and functions of social perception.
- Define what is meant by nonverbal communication and how it is related to the concepts and terms "irrepressible," "deception," and "emotional contagion."
- Describe the six (or perhaps seven) basic emotions expressed in unique facial expressions. Does this mean we are limited to only a small number of facial expressions?
- Describe how body language, including gestures, posture, and movements can communicate emotion, including such examples as ballet and various emblems.
- Identify and describe the five key nonverbal cues that may allow us to recognize deception.
- Compare and contrast the key elements of Jones and Davis' theory of correspondent inference with Kelley's theory of attribution.
- Explain the difference between internal and external causes and controllable versus uncontrollable factors.
- Contrast the discounting and augmenting principles.
- Describe and contrast the major attributional errors: the correspondence bias, the actor-observer effect, and the self-serving bias. Consider cultural differences with respect to these biases .
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Discuss how attribution theory has been applied to the study of depression and prejudice .
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Discuss how Asch's research on central and peripheral traits support his view that forming impressions involves more than simply adding together individual traits.
- Contrast older models of how we combine diverse information about others into unified impressions of them with more contemporary perspectives.
- Describe the role played by exemplars and abstractions when we make judgments about others.
- List self-enhancement tactics and other-enhancement tactics used in impression management, and describe research results on whether these tactics "pay off" for persons using them.
- Provide evidence to support the idea that we are quite accurate in social perception.
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