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Chapter 1
Practice Test #2
Practice Test #2
This activity contains 20 questions.
Our knowledge of human development is interdisciplinary. What does this mean?
a. Our knowledge of human development is based exclusively on research conducted by people in the field of human development.
b. Human development is not recognized as a distinct field of study.
c. Individuals from diverse fields have contributed to our knowledge of human development.
d. Human development is part of a larger discipline known as developmental psychology.
If baby Charlie has the same types of skills his parents have, only not as fine-tuned, the change in his thinking as he matures would be considered
a. continuous.
b. discontinuous.
c. psychosocial.
d. psychoanalytic.
Lifespan researchers emphasize that development is
a. plastic only after puberty.
b. rigid at all ages.
c. rigid after adolescence.
d. plastic at all ages.
According to the lifespan perspective, starting school at around age 6 is an example of a(n)
a. family-graded influence.
b. social-graded influence.
c. history-graded influence.
d. age-graded influence.
In the normative approach to child study, researchers
a. jot down day-to-day descriptions and impressions of a youngster’s behavior beginning in early infancy.
b. take measures of behavior in large numbers of children and then compute age-related averages to represent typical development.
c. investigate childrens cognitive development through the use of clinical interviews in which children describe their thinking.
d. use flowcharts to map the precise steps that individuals take to solve problems and complete tasks.
G. Stanley Hall, one of the most influential American psychologists of the early twentieth century, is generally regarded as the founder of the
a. theory of evolution.
b. child study movement.
c. psychosexual theory.
d. lifespan perspective.
The first successful intelligence test, developed by Alfred Binet, was important because it
a. resolved the nature versus nurture debate on human intelligence.
b. increased interest in individual differences in development.
c. was a culturally unbiased measure of intellectual ability.
d. showed that intelligence is a poor predictor of school achievement.
Which of the following theories is noted for its focus on the unique developmental history of each individual?
a. behaviorism
b. social learning theory
c. psychoanalytic theory
d. information processing
During Piaget’s __________ stage, children’s reasoning becomes logical, and they develop the ability to organize objects into hierarchies of classes and subclasses.
a. sensorimotor
b. preoperational
c. concrete operational
d. formal operational
Which of the following theories is concerned with the adaptive value of behavior and its evolutionary significance?
a. ethology
b. ecological systems theory
c. sociocultural theory
d. bioecological theory
A sensitive period is a time in which an individual is
a. especially responsive to environmental influences.
b. nonresponsive to environmental influences.
c. unable to determine which influences are environmental.
d. lacking judgment due to a destructive event.
Evolutionary developmental psychology is the study of
a. wide diversity in pathways of change.
b. the adaptive value of specieswide cognitive, emotional, and social competencies as those competencies change over time.
c. how culture is transmitted from one generation to the next.
d. children’s ability to adapt in the face of threats to development.
To understand human development at the level of the microsystem, one must keep in mind that all relationships are
a. universal.
b. unidirectional.
c. predetermined.
d. bidirectional.
Jennifer’s mother volunteers as a room parent. This connection between home and school illustrates Bronfenbrenner’s
a. mesosystem.
b. exosystem.
c. microsystem.
d. macrosystem.
The outermost level of Bronfenbrenner’s model is the
a. exosystem.
b. mesosystem.
c. microsystem.
d. macrosystem.
To study children’s emotional reactions, an investigator creates a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest so that each participant has an equal opportunity to exhibit the response. This research method is considered a
a. structured observation.
b. naturalistic observation.
c. case study.
d. clinical interview.
A researcher concludes that 5-year-olds in the 1950s learned more slowly than 5-year-olds today. Which of the following is responsible for this finding?
a. biased sampling
b. investigator bias
c. cohort effects
d. selective attrition
In a __________ design, groups of people differing in age are studied at the same point in time.
a. longitudinal
b. cross-sectional
c. sequential
d. microgenetic
A sequential design can identify cohort effects by comparing groups of people of
a. differing ages who were born in the same year.
b. the same age who were born in the same year.
c. the same age who were born in different years.
d. differing ages who were born in different years.
Which of the following is true of research rights involving informed consent?
a. The right to informed consent applies to all research participants except young children and elderly people with mental impairments.
b. In most cases, researchers need only obtain the child’s assent; parental consent is not required.
c. For children 7 years and older, their own informed consent should be obtained in addition to parental consent.
d. Unless the research obviously risks harm to the participant, researchers are not required to obtain informed consent.
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