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Chapter 7

Ask Yourself

Ask Yourself

This activity contains 22 questions.

	Review: Cite evidence indicating that both heredity and environment contribute to handedness. (pp. 206-207)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Review: What aspects of brain development support tremendous gains in language, thinking, and motor control of early childhood? (pp. 206-207)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Connect: Explain why brain growth in early childhood involves not only an increase in neural connections but also a loss of synapses and cell death. Which assumption of the lifespan perspective do these processes illustrate? (If you need to review, see Chapter 1, pages 9-10, and Chapter 4, page 116) (p. 207)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Review: Using research on malnutrition or unintentional injuries, show how physical growth and health in early childhood result from a continuous, complex interplay between heredity and environment. (pp. 209-210)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Apply: One day, Leslie prepared a new snack to serve at preschool: celery stuffed with ricotta cheese and pineapple. The first time she served it, few of the children touched it. How can Leslie encourage her students to accept the snack? What tactics should she avoid? (p. 209)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Connect: Using ecological systems theory, suggest ways to reduce childhood injuries by intervening in the microsystem, the mesosystem, and macrosystem. (p. 212)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Review: Describe typical changes in children's drawings during early childhood, along with factors that contribute to those differences. (p. 214)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Review: Explain how physical and social factors jointly contribute to sex differences in motor skills during early childhood. (p. 215)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Apply: Mabel and Chad want to do everything they can do to support their 3-year-old daughter's athletic development. What advice would you give them? (p. 215)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Review: Select two of the following features of Piaget's preoperational stage: egocentrism, a focus on perceptual appearances, difficulty reasoning about transformations, and lack of hierarchical classification. Cite findings that led Piaget to conclude that preschoolers are deficient in those ways. Then present evidence indicating that preschoolers are more capable thinkers than Piaget assumed. (pp. 217-221)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Apply: Brett's preschool teacher provides many opportunities for sociodramatic play. Brett's mother wonders whether Brett is learning anything from so much pretending. Using research findings, respond to her concern. (p. 217)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Apply: At home, 4-year-old Will understands that his tricycle isn't alive and can't move by itself. Yet when Will went fishing with his family and his father asked, "Why do you think the river is flowing along?" Will responded, "Because it's alive and wants to." What explains this contradiction in Will's reasoning? (p. 219)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Review: Describe features of social interaction that support children's cognitive development. How does such interaction create a zone of proximal development? (pp. 223-224)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Apply: Tanisha sees her 5-year-old son Toby talking out loud to himself while he plays. She wonders whether she should discourage this behavior. Use Vygotsky's theory to explain why Toby talks to himself. How would you advise Tanisha? (p. 223)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Connect: How is scaffolding involved in child-directed speech, discussed on page 168 of Chapter 5? (p. 224)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Review: Describe a typical 4-year-old's understanding of mental activities, noting both strengths and limitations. (pp. 228-230)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Apply: Lena wonders why Gregor's preschool teacher, instead of teaching him literacy and math skills, permits him to spend so much time playing. Gregor's teacher responds, "I am teaching him academics---through play." Why is play the best way for preschoolers to develop academically? (pp. 230-231)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Review: What findings indicate that child-centered rather than academic preschools and kindergartens are better suited to fostering children's academic development? (p. 233)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Apply: Senator Smith heard that IQ gains resulting from Head Start do not last, so he plans to vote against funding for the program. Write a letter to Senator Smith explaining why he should support Head Start. (pp. 233-234)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Review: What can adults do to support language development in early childhood? Provide a list of recommendations, noting research that supports each. (pp. 237-238)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Apply: One day, Sammy's mother explained to him that the family would take a vacation in Miami. The next morning, Sammy emerged from his room with belongings spilling out of a suitcase and remarked, "I gotted my bag packed. When are we going to Your-ami?" What do Sammy's errors reveal about his approach to mastering language? (pp. 236-237)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Connect: Explain how children's strategies for word learning support the interactionist perspective on language development, discussed on page 165 of Chapter 5. (p. 236)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

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