- Describe the relationship between phenotype and genotype.
- Explain the function of chromosomes.
- Describe the structure of the DNA molecule, and explain the process of mitosis.
- Explain the process of meiosis.
- Explain how the sex of the new individual is determined.
- Identify two types of twins, and explain how each is created.
- Describe basic patterns of genetic inheritance, and indicate how harmful genes are created.
- Explain genetic imprinting and how it helps researchers understand certain genetic patterns.
- Describe Down syndrome and common abnormalities of the sex chromosomes.
- Discuss reproductive choices available to prospective parents and the controversies surrounding them.
- Explain genetic counseling and who should seek it.
- Describe prenatal diagnosis and fetal medicine.
- Summarize research on adoption.
- Describe family functioning from the perspective of ecological systems theory, including direct and indirect influences and the family as a dynamic, changing system.
- Discuss the impact of socioeconomic status and poverty on family functioning.
- Summarize the roles of neighborhoods, towns, and cities in the lives of children and adults.
- Explain how cultural values and practices, public policies, and political and economic conditions affect human development.
- Describe and evaluate methods researchers use to determine "how much" heredity and environment influence complex human characteristics.
- Describe concepts that indicate "how" heredity and environment work together to influence complex human characteristics.
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