- List the phases of prenatal development, and describe major milestones of
each.
- Define the term teratogen, and summarize the four factors that affect the impact of teratogens on prenatal development.
- List agents known or suspected of being teratogens, and discuss evidence
supporting the harmful impact of each.
- Discuss maternal factors other than exposure to teratogens that can affect the developing embryo or fetus.
- Describe the three stages of labor.
- Discuss the baby's adaptation to labor and delivery, and describe the appearance of the newborn baby.
- Explain the purpose and main features of the Apgar Scale.
- Discuss the concept of natural childbirth, noting the typical features of a natural
childbirth program, the benefits of the natural childbirth experience, and the role of social support in the natural childbirth process.
- Discuss the benefits and concerns associated with home delivery.
- Describe circumstances that justify the use of fetal monitoring, labor and delivery
medication, and cesarean delivery, and explain any risks associated with each.
- Describe the risks associated with oxygen deprivation, preterm, and small-for-date births, and review the developmental outlook for infants born under such
circumstances.
- Describe several interventions for preterm infants, including infant stimulation and parent training.
- Summarize findings from the Kauai study relating to the long-term consequences of birth complications.
- Name and describe major newborn reflexes, noting the functions served by each, and discuss the importance of assessing newborn reflexes.
- Describe the five infant states of arousal, with particular attention to sleep and crying.
- Describe the newborn baby's responsiveness to taste, smell, touch, sound, and visual stimulation.
- Describe Brazelton's Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS), and explain its usefulness.
- Describe typical changes in the family unit after the birth of a new baby.
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