- Describe how schemes change over the course of development.
- Identify Piaget's six sensorimotor substages, and describe the major cognitive achievements in each.
- Discuss recent findings on the accuracy of Piaget's sensorimotor stage.
- Describe the information-processing view of cognitive development and the general structure of the information-processing system.
- Cite changes in attention, memory, and categorization during the first 2 years.
- Explain how Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development expands our understanding of early cognitive development.
- Describe the mental testing approach, the meaning of intelligence test scores, and the extent to which infant tests predict later performance.
- Discuss environmental influences on early mental development, including home, child care, and early intervention for at-risk infants and toddlers.
- Summarize three theories of language development, and indicate the emphasis each places on innate abilities and environmental influences.
- Describe major milestones of language development in the first 2 years, individual differences, and ways adults can support infants' and toddlers' emerging capacities.
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