- Discuss the first two stages of Erikson's psychosocial theory, noting the
psychological conflict at each stage, as well as how each conflict can be
positively resolved.
- Describe changes in the expression of happiness, sadness, and fear across infancy
and toddlerhood.
- Summarize changes in infants' ability to understand and respond to the emotions of others, with particular attention to the emergence of social referencing.
- Explain the nature of self-conscious emotions, noting why they emerge during the second year and indicating their role in development.
- Trace the development of emotional self-regulation during the first two years.
- Discuss the four underlying components of temperament, and identify the three
temperamental styles elaborated by Thomas and Chess.
- Compare and contrast Thomas and Chess's model of temperament with that of
Rothbart.
- Explain how temperament is measured, and discuss the stability of temperament
over time.
- Summarize genetic and environmental influences on temperament, and describe the goodness-of-fit model.
- Describe and compare psychoanalytic, behavioral, and ethological theories of
attachment.
- Describe the Strange Situation procedure for measuring attachment, and discuss
the four patterns of attachment that have been identified using this technique.
- Discuss research on the stability of attachment, and summarize cultural variations
in attachment patterns.
- Discuss the factors that affect attachment security, including opportunity for attachment, quality of caregiving, and family circumstances.
- Discuss infants' attachment relationships with fathers and siblings, noting factors that impact these relationships.
- Describe the link between early attachment and later cognitive, emotional, and social development, and explain how continuity of caregiving affects this link.
- Trace the emergence of self-awareness, and explain how it influences early emotional and social development, categorization of the self, and development of self-control.
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