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Chapter 7

Ask Yourself

Ask Yourself

This activity contains 25 questions.

	REVIEW: What aspects of brain development underlie the tremendous gains in language, thinking, and motor control of early childhood? (pp. 217–219)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	CONNECT: What stand on the nature–nurture issue do findings on development of handedness support? Explain, using research findings. (pp. 217–218)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	REFLECT: How early, and to what extent, did you experience tooth decay in childhood? What factors might have been responsible? (p. 217)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	REVIEW: How can psychosocial dwarfism caused by extreme emotional deprivation be distinguished from ordinary shortness? (p. 220)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	APPLY: One day, Leslie prepared a new snack to serve at preschool: celery stuffed with ricotta cheese. The first time she served it, few children touched it. How can Leslie encourage her students to accept the snack? What tactics should she avoid? (p. 220)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	CONNECT: Using research on malnutrition or on unintentional injuries, show how physical growth and health in early childhood result from a continuous, complex interplay between heredity and environment. (pp. 220–221, 222–223)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	REFLECT: Ask a parent or other family member whether, as a preschooler, you were a picky eater, suffered from many infectious diseases, or sustained any serious injuries. In each instance, what factors might have been responsible? (pp. 220–221, 222–223)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	REFLECT: Which types of punishment for a misbehaving preschooler do you endorse, and which types do you reject? Why? (pp. 266–267)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	APPLY: Mabel and Chad want to do everything they can do to support their 3-year-old daughter’s motor development. What advice would you give them? (pp. 226–227)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	CONNECT: How are experiences that best support preschoolers’ motor development consistent with experience-expectant brain growth of the early years? (Return to page 127 in Chapter 4 to review.) (pp. 226–227)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	REVIEW: Select two of the following features of preoperational thought: egocentrism, a focus on perceptual appearances, difficulty reasoning about transformations, and lack of hierarchical classification. Present evidence indicating that preschoolers are more capable thinkers than Piaget assumed. (pp. 231–234)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	APPLY: Three-year-old Will understands that his tricycle isn’t alive and can’t feel or move on its own. Yet on a trip to the beach, as the sun dipped below the horizon, Will exclaimed, “The sun is tired. It’s going to sleep!” What explains this apparent contradiction in Will’s reasoning? (p. 233)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	CONNECT: Make-believe play promotes both cognitive and social development (see page 228). Explain why this is so. (p. 228)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	REFLECT: On the basis of what you have read, do you accept Piaget’s claim for a preoperational stage of cognitive development? Explain. (pp. 227–230)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	REVIEW: Describe characteristics of social interaction that support children’s cognitive development. How does such interaction create a zone of proximal development? (p. 235)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	APPLY: Tanisha sees her 5-year-old son Toby talking out loud to himself while he plays. She wonders whether she should discourage this behavior. Using Vygotsky’s theory and related research, explain why Toby talks to himself. How would you advise Tanisha? (p. 234)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	CONNECT: Explain how Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s theories complement each other. That is, what aspects of development does one emphasize that the other downplays or overlooks? (pp. 233–236)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	REFLECT: When do you use private speech? Does it serve a self-guiding function for you, as it does for children? Explain. (p. 234)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	REVIEW: Describe a typical 4-year-old’s understanding of mental activities, noting both strengths and limitations. (pp. 239–240)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	APPLY: Lena, mother of 4-year-old Gregor, wonders why his preschool teacher provides extensive playtime in learning centers instead of formal lessons in literacy and math skills. Explain to Lena why adult-supported play is the best way for preschoolers to develop academically. (pp. 242–243)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	CONNECT: Cite evidence on preschoolers’ memory, theory of mind, and literacy and mathematical development that is consistent with Vygotsky’s theory. (pp. 234, 236–240, 242–243)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	REFLECT: Describe informal experiences important for literacy and math development that you experienced while growing up. How do you think those experiences contributed to your academic progress in school? (pp. 242–243)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	REVIEW: Provide a list of recommendations for supporting language development in early childhood, noting research that supports each. (pp. 250–251)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	APPLY: Sammy’s mother explained to him that the family would take a vacation in Miami. The next morning, Sammy announced, “I gotted my bags packed. When are we going to Your-ami?” What explains Sammy’s errors? (pp. 249–251)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	CONNECT: Explain how children’s strategies for word learning support the interactionist perspective on language development, discussed on page 177 in Chapter 5. (pp. 248–249)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

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