- Describe Erikson's initiative versus guilt stage, noting how this psychological conflict impacts children's emotional and social development.
- Discuss preschool children's self-development, including characteristics of self-concept and emergence of self-esteem.
- Describe changes in the understanding of emotion during early childhood, noting achievements and limitations.
- Explain how language and temperament contribute to the development of emotional self-regulation during the preschool years, and discuss ways in which adults can help young children manage common fears of early childhood.
- Discuss the development of self-conscious emotions, empathy, and sympathy during early childhood, noting how various parenting styles affect emotional development in these areas.
- Describe advances in peer sociability over the preschool years, with particular attention to the types of play outlined by Mildred Parten, and discuss cultural variations in peer sociability.
- Describe the quality of preschoolers' friendships, and discuss parental influences on early peer relations.
- Compare psychoanalytic, social learning, and cognitive-developmental approaches to moral development, and trace milestones of morality during early childhood, noting child-rearing practices that support or undermine them.
- Describe the development of aggression in early childhood, noting the influences of family and television, and cite ways to control aggressive behavior.
- Describe preschoolers' gender-stereotyped beliefs and behaviors, and discuss genetic and environmental influences on gender-role development.
- Describe and evaluate the major theories of gender identity development, and cite ways to reduce gender stereotyping in young children.
- Describe the four styles of child rearing, indicating which is most effective, and discuss cultural variations in child- rearing beliefs and practices.
- Describe the five forms of child maltreatment, and discuss factors associated with child maltreatment, consequences of child maltreatment, and strategies for the prevention of child maltreatment.
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