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Chapter 8

Ask Yourself

Ask Yourself

This activity contains 16 questions.

	REVIEW: Among children who spend much time playing alone, what factors distinguish those who are likely to have adjustment difficulties from those who are well adjusted and socially skilled? (pp. 262–263)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	REVIEW: Reread the description of Sammy and Mark’s argument at the beginning of this chapter. On the basis of what you know about self-development, why was it a good idea for Leslie to resolve the dispute by providing an extra set of beanbags? (p. 257)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	CONNECT: How does emotional self-regulation affect the development of empathy and sympathy? Why are these emotional capacities vital for positive peer relations? (p. 261)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	REFLECT: Think back to your first friendship. How old were you? Describe the quality of your relationship. What did your parents do, directly and indirectly, that might have influenced your earliest peer associations? (pp. 263–264)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	REVIEW: What experiences help children differentiate moral imperatives, social conventions, and matters of personal choice? (pp. 269–270)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	APPLY: Alice and Wayne want their two children to become morally mature, caring individuals. List some parenting practices they should use and some they should avoid. (pp. 267–268)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	CONNECT: What must parents do to foster conscience development in fearless, impulsive children? Does this remind you of the concept of goodness of fit (see page 194 in Chapter 6)? Explain. (p. 265)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	REFLECT: Which types of punishment for a misbehaving preschooler do you endorse, and which types do you reject? Why? (pp. 266–267)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	REVIEW: Explain how the social environment and young children’s cognitive limitations contribute to rigid gender stereotyping in early childhood. (pp. 273–274)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	APPLY: While looking at a book, 4-year-old Roger saw a picture of a boy cooking at a stove. Later, he recalled the person in the picture as a girl. Using gender schema theory, explain Roger’s memory error. (p. 277)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	CONNECT: What other cognitive changes are associated with gender constancy? What do these attainments have in common? (p. 277)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	REFLECT: Would you describe your own gender identity as “masculine,” “feminine,” or androgynous? What biological and social factors might have influenced your gender identity? (pp. 276–277)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	REVIEW: Summarize findings on ethnic variations in child-rearing styles. Is the concept of authoritative parenting useful for understanding effective parenting across cultures? Explain. (p. 281)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	APPLY: Chandra heard a news report about ten severely neglected children, living in squalor in an inner-city tenement. She wondered, “Why would parents mistreat their children?” How would you answer Chandra? (pp. 281–282)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	CONNECT: Which child-rearing style is most likely to be associated with the use of inductive discipline, and why? (pp. 265, 279)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	REFLECT: How would you classify your parents’ child-rearing styles? What factors might have influenced their approach to parenting? (pp. 279–280)   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

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