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Chapter 2

Practice Test

Practice Test
The following questions will help you assess your learning of the concepts in this chapter.

This activity contains 24 questions.

	An antecedent is an environmental event or stimulus that precedes a behavior and influences the probability that it will recur in the future.    True  False

	It is important to start with more tangible reinforces such as food and tokens and move to more intrinsic reinforces such as using activities that are reinforcing to the student (e.g., listening to records, coloring) only as necessary.    True  False

	Which of the following is NOT an example of manipulating antecedents to increase desirable behaviors while decreasing undesirable behaviors?   A teacher makes instructional activities more interesting and incorporate student preferences. A teacher selects classroom rules as many as possible (i.e., any possible rule) rather than a limited number of rules. A teacher involves students in planning the daily schedule and it allows the students to predict what will occur during the school. A teacher arranges furniture in the classroom to partition some areas can reduce the noise level.

	Negative reinforcement refers to the removal something unpleasant for the purpose of increase the target behavior.    True  False

	Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic reinforcer?   Listening to music Positive comments Tokens Food

	Every time the noise level in the classroom exceeds the teacher's limits, Ms. Garcia, a fourth-grade teacher, subtracts one minute from the allocated free time for the whole class. This is an example of _________.   Premack Principle Shaping Extinction Group contingencies

	When a student with a behavior problem continues to shout out for the purpose of getting the teacher's attention, the teacher removes the reinforcer (the teacher's attention) and ignores the student's shouting out. This is an example of ____________.   Negative reinforcement Extinction Group contingencies Differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors (DRI)

	During extinction, the target behavior will increase in rate or intensity before decreasing.    True  False

	To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end. Develop a sample case of using differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO) in combination with a differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors (DRI).

	Punishment, the opposite of the reinforcement, ensures that the desired behavior will occur and generalize across settings.    True  False

	Researchers suggest that time-out should be used as a last resort. When a teacher needs to use time-out, which of the following is NOT a recommended procedure for successfully implementing time-out?   Do not leave the time-out area unmonitored. The amount of time the student is in time-out should be about 30 minutes. Contingencies should be set in advance for the student who fails to comply with time-out rules. The student should be told in advance which behaviors will result in time-out.

	The level of performance the student is presently exhibiting is referred to as ___________.   Proficiency Acquisition Application Entry

	_________________ refers to the learner's monitoring of his or her own thinking strategies through language mediation.   self-instruction self-concept self-esteem self-regulation

	Which of the following is NOT a feature of cognitive strategy instruction?   A full range of reinforcers is important to shape the target behavior. Cognitive strategy instruction includes strategy steps identified for the student to work through when solving a problem or completing a task. Verbalization is an important component of self-instruction and self-regulation. Students act as their own teachers (e.g., monitoring their own thinking and actions through language medication).

	The sociocultural theory of cognitive development is similar to operant learning theory in that it highlights the importance of modeling and the use of language to facilitate learning.    True  False

	The process of recognizing a raw, physical pattern in sensory store as representing something meaningful is known as _________.   Memory Application Attention Perception

	_________________ refers to the capacity to focus awareness on selected incoming stimulus and it is important in the sensory register.   Perception Selective attention Executive functioning Working memory

	Which of the following is NOT a concept related to working memory?   We can use a variety of memory strategies to keep information active (e.g., rehearsing, chunking). We have the ability to store only a small amount of information in working memory at any one time (i.e., seven bits of information plus or minus two bits). Unless we make effort to remember the information, it will fade in about 15 minutes. The more we cluster or group information into larger related concepts, the more information we can keep in working memory.

	________________ refers to the organized structures of stereotypic knowledge.   Schemas Metacognition Working memory Perception

	To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end. Identify and describe two components of metacognition.

	Visual and other sensory images of events in one's life are referred to as semantic memory.    True  False

	When using response cost, a group of students is either reinforced or loses reinforcement, contingent on the behavior of the entire group.    True  False

	Design a lesson plan and explain how and when you would incorporate the principles associated with cognitive strategy instruction.   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end. Briefly describe the sequence of stages in which information is processed and learned in an information-processing model of learning.

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