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Cite the definition of peers and friendship used by researchers in child development. Summarize the functions of friendships. Describe the important elements necessary to form social relationships. Describe the typical social interactions among infants and toddlers. Discuss how the functions of friendship change from childhood to adolescence. Discuss the prominent theories used to explain why girls and boys avoid playing with members of the opposite sex and the effects this gender segregation has on development. Describe adolescent peer relations and summarize the most prominent trends in adolescent dating and sexual activity. Distinguish homosexual orientation and homosexual experience and address the fallacy of the heterosexual assumption. Summarize information regarding the prejudice and discrimination confronting homosexual adolescents and how this may impact identity formation. Give the psychological definition of play and describe how play changes with age. Summarize Parten's classic theory and research on the social levels of play. Describe the functions of sociodramatic play for young children. Summarize research on cultural differences in play. Explain the use of the peer nomination technique to categorize children in terms of social status. Identify the characteristics of popular, rejected, controversial, average, and neglected children. Outline Dodge's social cognition model and discuss how it explains the influence of children's perceptions and interpretations of social events on peer relations.
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