In this chapter, students should learn:

• how emotions develop during infancy and toddlerhood and how these come to be expressed
• the enduring characteristics of infants and toddlers that make up temperament and the meaning of these characteristics for understanding individual differences in very young children
• how attachments to significant others develop, how these attachments are measured and assessed, the factors that influence them, and the consequences for later development
• the factors related to child maltreatment, including the characteristics of those who are abused, those who commit child abuse and neglect, the effects of these abusive and neglectful experiences, and how these might be prevented
• the effects of day care on infants and toddlers and the factors that contribute to these effects

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