improved coordination and balance
"galloping," singing and dancing, tricycle riding
preoperational thought
egocentric and perceptually based reasoning
grasp of cause and effect
classification of familiar objects
use of private speech to guide behavior
ability to remember experiences using scripts
ability to generalize information from one situation to another
understanding of false beliefs
ability to count objects and grasp the principle of cardinality
overextension of grammatical rules
focus on parent-child interactions and discipline
opportunities for preschool and peer experiences
increase in self-directed, interactive, and cooperative play
ability to distinguish moral rules from social conventions
preference for same-sex playmates
first friendships
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improved memory
identification of letters of the alphabet and development of phonemic awareness
shoe tying and name writing
improved ability to distinguish appearance from reality
greater use of self-discipline in directing attention
basic ability to add and subtract
transition and adjustment to school
continuing development of theory of mind
use of social cues to predict, interpret, and influence others' behavior
risk factors for the development of health problems, fears, and anxieties
fast-mapping of new vocabulary; 10,000-word vocabulary
understanding of gender consistency
development of cooperation and aggression
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