marked skeletal growth
permanent teeth
increased nutritional, health, and safety risks
improvements in jumping, throwing, catching, kicking, and batting
participation in school life
achievement of literacy and legible printing
concrete operational thinking
knowledge of conservation and decentration
development of logic and reversible thinking
increased skills in hierarchical classification and seriation
appearance of heteronomous morality
involvement in organized games and activities
peer group identification
increased prosocial behavior
higher-level development of friendships
academic, social, and physical self-esteem based on attributions of success and failure
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start of growth spurt for girls
improved coordination, balance, and reaction times
cursive writing
drawing three-dimensionally and in perspective
greater metacognitive awareness
use of memory strategies in learning
understanding of metaphors, double meanings, and humor
interest in social comparisons of self with others
greater self-regulation
ability to adapt conversations to needs of others
morality based on external qualities
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