- Describe the five stages of sleep, the functions of sleep, and the physical changes that occur during sleep.
- Compare and contrast the various theories of why people dream.
- Describe the role of circadian rhythms in sleep cycles.
- Describe four sleep disorders, including their symptoms, effects, and treatments.
- Describe the characteristics, theories, and practical uses of hypnosis.
- Define meditation, the different types of meditation, and the benefits of meditation.
- Define and explain substance abuse and substance dependence, including the seven major symptoms of dependence.
- Provide examples and briefly explain the effects of the following substances: depressants, stimulants, narcotic analgesics, and hallucinogens.
- Name the essential characteristics of all languages.
- Explain how first and second languages are learned and used.
- Explain if language molds our thoughts.
- Describe how we think with mental images.
- Explain the idea of concepts and the different levels of concepts.
- Describe the methods used to solve problems.
- Understand whether people reason logically.
- Explain why we commit reasoning errors.
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