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Henslin, Essentials of Sociology, 8e

Chapter 13

Practice Test

Practice Test

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This activity contains 25 questions.

	Sociologist Randall Collins (1979) observed that in determining employee eligibility industrialized nations have become   credential societies. Gemeinschaft societies. corporate societies. reflexive societies.

	Receiving a bachelor's degree in the United States is now _____ as common as receiving high school diplomas used to be.   five times four times three time two times

	The first year where the percent of American college graduates exceeded the percent of high school graduates   has yet to occur. appeared in 2000. appeared in 1980. appeared in 1960.

	Community colleges have become such an essential part of the U.S. educational system that about _____ of all undergraduates in the United States are enrolled in them.   1/2 2/5 1/10 3/4

	A central sociological principle of education is that a nation's education reflects its   culture. religion. economy. level of industrialization.

	After the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Soviet Communist party made certain that   education was reflective of Western values. free education was eliminated. socialist values dominated its schools. workers' children were ineligible for education.

	Functionalists would maintain that the American education system   is dysfunctional when it uses the process of "tracking." has moved away from the simplistic notion of credentialing. is dysfunctional when it has an emphasis on gatekeeping. sorts people according to their abilities and ambition.

	The practice of "tracking" in American schools   sorts students into different educational programs. helps counteract the practice of social placement. has an emphasis on the students perceived abilities rather than their real abilities. has an emphasis on the students real abilities rather than their perceived abilities.

	Home schooling in the United States   is a relatively new phenomenon that began in the 1970's. is still not legally recognized as a form of education in the United States. is such that home schoolers consistently underperform students in both public and Catholic schools. actually began in the colonial era.

	The conflict perspective maintains that American education   should have a greater emphasis on practicing what is now seen as "the hidden curriculum." reproduces the social class structure. stresses that there is no relationship between opportunity and a person's social position at birth. seeks to alter society's social divisions through a high division of teachers versus the taxpayers.

	A major criticism of IQ tests is that   they measure intelligence rather than the ability to learn. they contain cultural biases. they counteract the hidden curriculum focus in American schools. their focus is on learning rather than credentialing.

	The public funding for education in America   depends on the federal funding as opposed to local funding. is relatively equal across states because of federal law. is mandated by the federal government to be within a ten percent range for all states. is largely supported by local property taxes.

	Conflict theorists point out that the educational system reproduces not only the U.S. social class structure but also   its racial-ethnic divisions. its illiteracy level. its welfare policies. its religious differences.

	Sociologist George Farkas found that even though boys and girls had the same test scores, girls on average were given _____ course grades.   the same frequently lower higher lower

	Grade inflation at Ivy League universities is such that at Harvard   fifty percent of their students graduate with honors. ninety percent of their students graduate with honors. sixty percent of their students graduate with honors. one-third of the course grades are A's and A minuses.

	Passing students on to the next grade even though they have not mastered basic materials   promotes functional literacy rather than skills in reading and math. is called "social promotion." is a major factor behind grade inflation. is found only in public schools.

	The chief aim and function of "social solidarity" in religion is to   have believers associate their beliefs with a larger political order. unite religious believers into shared values rather than shared rituals. unite believers to the broader community outside of their own particular religion. unite believers into a community that shares values and perspectives.

	Cosmology   is used by Jews and Christians but not Muslims. can be used by religions to present a unified picture of the world. is never used by Christian religions. is used only in primitive belief systems rather than modern religions.

	The notion of the "divine right of kings"   is synonymous with the ancient Egyptian idea of the Pharaoh. was supported by Christians. was highly opposed by Christian theologians. sees a king, or a queen, as a type of god.

	Which of the following sociological groupings of religion would have a greater emphasis on "personal salvation?"   church sect ecclesia cult

	Cults often originate with a   opposition to a formal religion. charismatic leader. consensus among religious leaders. an institutional premise.

	A sect   is, by definition, in conflict with the rest of society. is larger than a cult. usually forbids the practice of evangelism. can never evolve into being a church.

	When a government and religion work together to try to shape society, it is referred to as   socialism. ecclesia. Lutheranism. public religion.

	What percentage of Americans is a member of a church, synagogue or mosque?   73 62 55 81

	Sunday morning between 10 and 11 A.M. has been called   the most segregated hour in the United States. the ethnic division of labor. institutional church time. the most secular hour in the United States.

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