1 .		Because quasi-experimental research precludes random assignment to conditions and manipulation of an independent variable, quasi-experimental studies are generally _________ than true experiments. [Hint]   A. lower in internal validity   B. higher in internal validity   C. no different in terms of internal validity   D. less concerned with internal validity
2 .		Which of the following would be considered a quasi-experimental research study? [Hint]   A. Comparison of men and woman on quantitative reasoning skills   B. Comparison of 1st and 2nd shift employee productivity at a paper mill   C. Comparison of hygiene in schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic patients   D. All of the above   E. None of the above
3 .		You want to study the effects of hurricanes on community outreach (i.e., charity), believing that charity increases immediately following a hurricane. The reason this study could not be conducted as a true experiment is that [Hint]   A. it would be impossible to operationally define "charity".   B. many people will be too concerned with their own families to give to others.   C. it is not possible to predict with accuracy when a hurricane will strike a certain area   D. you may have to travel to Florida to do the research.
4 .		In an interrupted time series design, the term "interrupted" refers to [Hint]   A. a specified period of at least two weeks during which data is not collected.   B. introduction of the quasi-independent variable (i.e., treatment).   C. instrumentation failure leading to a suspension of data collection.   D. none of the above
5 .		Kendal (1990) demonstrated that visual imagery training administered at the half-way point in a basketball season could be effective in improving performance in basketball players. A selected basketball team was observed for an entire season, and various "performance measures" were recorded during numerous games both before the visualization training and after the training. What type of research design was used for this study? [Hint]   A. one-group pretest-posttest design   B. interrupted time series design   C. non-equivalent control groups design   D. repeated measures
6 .		To test the effectiveness of an SAT preparation program on SAT performance, you select two local high schools. The students of High School A are required to participate in the preparation program. Their SAT scores are compared against scores of students from High School B, who did not take part in the program. This is an example of a(n) ______________________________ research design. [Hint]   A. experimental   B. nonequivalent-control-groups   C. interrupted time-series   D. randomized two group   E. multifactor
7 .		A researcher conducts a study assessing the effects of a Safe Sex Awareness advertising program on college students' requests for free condoms from Campus Health. The number of condoms requested during the entire academic year is recorded on a weekly basis; the program is run during the entire Spring semester. There was a significant increase in the number of condom requests from the Fall semester (pre-program) to the Spring semester. Unfortunately, the researcher later learns that in the month of January, at the beginning of the Spring semester, a guest speaker made a campus-wide presentation about living with HIV---the presentation was well attended. In this study, the presentation by the guest speaker may constitute a [Hint]   A. selection-by-history interaction   B. local history effect   C. contemporary history effect   D. generational effect
8 .		Dr. Kent studies the development of emotions by following a group of 100 infants born in January of 2000, assessing them every year over the first ten years of their lives. The strategy being employed is the [Hint]   A. longitudinal strategy.   B. cross-sectional strategy.   C. interrupted time series design.   D. repeated measures design.
9 .		You hypothesize that social skills develop simply as a function of age. To demonstrate this, you compare three different groups of people (elementary school students, high school students, and college students) on a test of social competence. This research would best be classified as using the [Hint]   A. longitudinal strategy.   B. cross-sectional strategy.   C. interrupted time series design.   D. nonequivalent control group design.
10 .		The "generational effect" refers to the influences of generational differences in experience between people born at different times. For instance, people who are 90 today were born in the early 1900's, while a teenager today was born in the 1990's---two very different time periods. This phenomena is a major complication for researchers using the [Hint]   A. interrupted time series design   B. longitudinal strategy   C. non-equivalent control groups design   D. cross-sectional strategy
11 .		Which of the following threats to internal validity apply in cases where a researcher is interested in comparing one group of participants to another (nonequivalent control group design)? [Hint]   A. maturation   B. regression to the mean   C. local history   D. pretest sensitization
12 .		Which of the following studies is best characterized as an example of program evaluation? [Hint]   A. An observational study comparing the number of protest demonstrations before and after a war begins.   B. An archival study comparing the number of motorcycle fatalities before and after a mandatory helmet law is introduced.   C. An archival study comparing the amount of charitable giving in the months leading up to and the months following September 11th, 2001.   D. All of the above
13 .		Because no single quasi-experimental research study can yield unequivocal conclusions, we rely on evidence from numerous studies, employing a variety of research methodologies, which are integrated and hopefully converge on a particular conclusion about behavior. This perspective is called [Hint]   A. critical convergence   B. critical skepticism   C. critical multiplism   D. critical empiricism