Learning Objectives

Chapter 9

1. Detail how encoding, storage, and retrieval are involved in memory processes, and explain how attention and encoding are interrelated.
2. Describe the levels of processing approach and the neuroscience approach to memory and encoding.
3. Explain the process of encoding that take place in sensory memory, and discuss the capacity and limits of sensory memory.
4. Compare and contrast short-term and sensory memory, state how short term storage can be enhanced through different types of rehearsal, and discuss the duration and capacity limitations in short term memory.
5. State how short-term and working memory are different and characterize the functions of working memory.
6. Describe the encoding and storage processes characteristic of long-term memory and distinguish between the different types of long-term memories.
7. Describe the role of practice on memory.
8. Explain how the consolidation process may explain both memory and learning, and state what is known about the location of memories.
9. Define and differentiate between retrieval, recall, recognition, and relearning.
10. Outline the factors that are related to retrieval success and failure, and specifically discuss the role of state-dependent learning.
11. Explain the primacy and recency effects and how imagery can be used as an important perceptual memory aid.
12. Define flashbulb memories and summarize the research examining the validity of this type of memory.
13. Discuss the impact of culture and gender on memory.
14. Describe how memory is lost through decay and interference, and differentiate between proactive interference, retroactive interference, and interference in attention.
15. Examine the contradictory research findings concerning the accuracy of eyewitness testimony.
16. Examine the debate between clinical psychologists and memory researchers on the issue of motivated forgetting.
17. Define and differentiate between anterograde and retrograde amnesia.