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Chapter 9

Practice Test

Practice Test

This activity contains 18 questions.

	In experimental research, the experimenter controls   The independent and dependent variables. The independent and extraneous variables. Only the extraneous variable. Only the independent variable.

	A study is said to have strong internal validity if   The results of the experiment are generalizable. The researcher used a valid research design. The instrument used by the experimenter was valid. The independent variable alone can account for the results.

	Non-random assignment to treatments is what type of threat to internal validity?   Diffusion of treatment Selection Maturation Experimenter effects

	Natural changes in subjects during the course of the experiment is what type of threat to internal validity?   Maturation Statistical regression Pretesting Subject attrition

	In an experiment comparing the story writing abilities of two groups of fourth graders, two sets of scorers (one set for each group) were selected to evaluate the stories. What threat to internal validity has occurred?   Selection Treatment replication Diffusion of treatment Instrumentation

	External validity refers to the extent to which the results of the study   Can be generalized to another setting. Provide evidence that all extraneous variables were controlled. Support a theory. Confirm the findings of similar studies.

	Mr. Poche has serious concerns about a study that concluded co-operative group instruction was effective for all secondary students even though there were very few female students in either the experimental or control groups. Which of the following terms describes Mr. Poche's concern?   Measurement effects Operational definitions Subject effects Situation effects

	A teacher wanted to evaluate the efficacy of a new technique for teaching comprehension skills to her class of learning disabled students. She administered a comprehension test before introducing the new technique. At the end of the semester, she administered the test again and compared the results from the two tests. This is an example of a   Factorial experimental design. Randomized groups pretest-posttest design. Single group pretest-posttest design. Nonequivalent groups pretest-posttest design.

	Under which conditions is a non-equivalent group posttest only design useful?   The researcher is confident the groups are about the same on the variable being measured when the study begins. The researcher is sure the groups are comparable. The researcher is sure the dependent variable will be affected by the treatment. All of the above.

	According to the author, the most serious threat to the internal validity of the nonequivalent groups posttest only design is   Selection. Instrumentation. History. Diffusion of treatment.

	To assess the efficacy of the new math curriculum, Ms. Jackson conducted a small experiment using two of her four sixth-grade math classes. She gave both classes a pretest, then taught Class A using the new curriculum and continued using the old curriculum with Class B. At the end of three months she administered a post-test to both classes. Which design did Ms. Jackson use in her experiment?   Multiple baseline Non-equivalent groups pretest-posttest Factorial experiment Randomized groups pretest-posttest

	Which of the following is NOT a threat to internal validity in the randomized groups posttest only and the randomized groups pretest-posttest designs?   History Diffusion of treatment Selection Treatment replication

	Dr. Boudreaux wants to determine which of two textbooks will be most helpful to his students in an introductory research class. If he wants to formally study this question with his classes next semester and he wants to minimize selection threats he should use a   Randomized, pretest-posttest multiple treatment group design. Non-equivalent groups, posttest only design. Non-equivalent, pretest-posttest, experimental control group design. Randomized, pretest-posttest experimental control group design.

	A researcher wants to compare two methods of teaching reading to adults: the phonics approach and the language experience approach. He wants to know (a) which is the most effective method, and (b) whether the efficacy of the two methods is the same for adults with no reading skills as for adults reading at a fourth-grade level. Which is the most appropriate design for this experiment?   Single group posttest only Non-equivalent groups posttest only Single group pretest-posttest Factorial

	Dr. Allen has used a factorial design to investigate the effects of his use of Power Point presentations to supplement his lectures on males and females in terms of their mastery of course objectives. Which of the following effects can be discussed?   Main effect for instructional strategy Main effect for gender Interaction effect for instructional strategy and gender All of the above.

	All of the following are criteria for evaluating experimental research EXCEPT   The researcher must use a random selection procedure. The researcher must provide evidence for maximum control of all extraneous variables. The research hypothesis should indicated a cause-and-effect relationship. The treatments used in the experiment should be dissimilar.

	Ms. Woods was concerned about the low number of math problems completed by one of the students in her class. To get the student to do more problems, she decided to give him two minutes of free time for every problem completed. Ms. Woods observed the student's behavior for three days before introducing the free-time incentive. After ten days she withdrew this incentive, and for the next few days observed how many problems the student completed to see if free time had been effective in increasing the student's work behavior. Which design did Ms. Woods use?   A-B-A-B multiple baseline A-B-A multiple baseline A-B-A-B A-B-A

	All of the following are criteria for evaluating single-subject research EXCEPT   The researcher should ensure that administration of the treatment does not vary. The target behavior should be defined in measurable terms. Observations should be checked for reliability. The behavior should show variability in the baseline and treatment phases.

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