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Chapter 6

Multiple Choice

Multiple Choice

This activity contains 19 questions.

	Research design refers to   The intent of the researcher Prior research related to your problem The way a study is planned and conducted The statistical procedures used to analyze the data

	The primary purpose of developing a good research design is to   Justify the statistical procedures used Specify procedures and techniques Justify the review of literature Control potential sources of error

	Research design includes specification of all the following EXCEPT   Manipulation of independent variables How and when data are collected Identification of hypotheses Circumstances of the research setting

	Which of the following terms is NOT a source of variability?   Extraneous Systematic Credibility Error

	When a research design is strong with respect to internal validity, it can be concluded that   The instruments had appropriate test validity Extraneous variables have been controlled The research makes a significant contribution The results are highly generalizable to other settings

	Ms. Cochrane is studying the effects of two innovative instructional strategies on student achievement. She selected sixty students from her high school to participate in the study. These students are referred to most appropriately as the   Target population Accessible population Research group Sample

	A potential weakness in using nonprobability samples is that   External validity is potentially weak The subjects are volunteers Not all subjects are likely to participate Experimenter effect is more likely

	If a researcher is interested in comparing subgroups of the sample and can only take a relatively small sample, which procedure would be best?   Stratified random sampling Systematic sampling Simple random sampling Cluster sampling

	Which statement best describes convenience sampling?   Populations are readily accessible. Subjects representative of a target population are selected nonrandomly. Subjects knowledgeable about the topic of interest are selected. Subjects are selected because they are available.

	Ms. Lovell is investigating teachers’ attitudes toward year-round schooling. She is particularly interested in comparing the attitudes of teachers from small, medium, and large schools. Which sampling procedure should be used by Ms. Lovell to ensure her objectives are met?   Systematic sampling Convenience sampling Simple random sampling Stratified random sampling

	Mr. Bethea is studying the effects of a student-centered writing program. In choosing his sample he randomly selected three secondary schools in Harris County. Within each school he randomly selected three English classes and used all of the students in each class. Which sampling procedure has Mr. Bethea used?   Stratified random Convenience random Simple random Cluster

	Of the following factors, which one would suggest taking as large a sample as possible?   A large number of independent variables Very reliable instrument An exploratory study A very large population

	Instrument reliability refers to   The extent to which the instrument measures what it purports to measure Generalizability of instrument results Consistency in instrument results The types of error might exist in the instrument

	Which of the following describes an internal validity threat in which an unplanned event that occurs during the research affects the results?   History Pretesting Instrumentation Selection

	The primary difference between population validity and ecological validity is that   Ecological validity contains more threats to generalizability than population validity Ecological validity is concerned with conditions while population validity is concerned with subjects Population validity is usually a greater potential threat One is more strict in interpretation than the other

	A researcher is conducting a study on children’s attitude toward people with disabilities. In one classroom he shows a video on how to relate positively to people with disabilities, and in the other, he has a group discussion related to the issues discussed in the video. What is a possible threat to internal validity?   Instrumentation Treatment replication Statistical regression Diffusion of treatment

	If a researcher is concerned about whether the subjects in the study will act differently because they realize they are subjects, the researcher is showing a concern for what is called the   Hawthorne effect Internal validity Experimenter effect Subject attrition

	Which of the following is NOT considered an ethical principle for conducting research?   The researcher must inform subjects of any potential risks Researchers should use deception with subjects. Subjects should be able terminate participation in a study at any time. Informed consent should be secured from subjects.

	Under what circumstances is it NOT necessary to obtain informed consent?   Data is in school records and is used for group analyses. Data are gathered unobtrusively. When the results of the research are available to the subjects. Subjects never know they are affected by the research.

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