- Define the term descriptive statistics.
- Differentiate between descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of purpose.
- Differentiate the four measurement scales: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
- Provide examples of each type of scales.
- Describe the unique characteristics of the five ways to graphically present data that are discussed in this chapter (i.e., frequency distribution, stem-and-leaf plot, histogram, bar graph, and frequency polygon).
- Explain the concept of central tendency and describe the unique characteristics of the mean, median, and mode as measures of central tendency. Interpret mean scores when used to describe the central tendency of a set of scores.
- Explain the concept of variation and describe the unique characteristics of the range, standard deviation, variance, and box-and-whisker plots as measures of variation. Interpret the standard deviation when used to describe the variation of sets of scores.
- Describe the relationships between standard deviation and percentile ranks in a normal distribution.
- Define the term standard score. Describe a z-score and the relationships between z-scores and other standard scores.
- Describe what is meant by an outlier.
- Describe a scatterplot in terms of a graphical representation of a relationship between two variables.
- Describe the characteristics of a correlation coefficient in terms of strength and direction. Interpret correlation coefficients when used to describe the relationships between variables.
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