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Chapter 11
Multiple Choice
Multiple Choice
This activity contains 16 questions.
Because of the possibility of error in sampling from populations, researchers use _______ statements to describe results.
Probability
Significance
Unbiased
Descriptive
Inferential statistics are useful for
Observing natural behavior
Determining the probability of something
Construct validity
Interviews
Which of the following statements regarding a researchers use of inferential statistics is true?
Descriptive statistics from a sample are used to estimate the characteristics of the population.
A random sample provides a perfect estimate of the population values.
It is best to measure every member of a population if possible.
We usually need to take several samples to obtain a good estimate of the population values.
The null hypothesis can be described as
A statement of probability
The same as the research hypothesis
A statement that there is no difference
A statement of the expected results
The level of significance of a statistical test indicates
Whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis
How significant the difference between means is
The chance we are wrong in rejecting the null hypothesis
The chance we are right in accepting the null hypothesis
Which statement is the best as a general rule for interpreting the level of significance of a statistical test?
If
p
< .10, it is statistically significant.
If
p
< .05, it is significant.
If
p
> .10, it is marginally significant.
If
p
< .01, it is non-significant.
What error describes a decision to NOT reject the null hypothesis when in fact it should have been?
Type I error
probability error
Type II error
statistical hypothesis error
A t-test is used to compare
Three means
Two means
Four means
None of the above
The two forms of t-tests are
One-way and two-way
Bivariate and multiple
Factorial and interaction
Independent and dependent
If a researcher conducts a study in which the reading ability of a class of 20 second graders is tested at the beginning and at the end of the year, the appropriate statistical procedure to analyze the results would be
The dependent samples t-test
Chi-square
ANOVA
ANCOVA
Suppose a researcher is conducting a study in which five groups of adults, each group having a distinct life situation, are assessed on a measure of stress. The appropriate statistical procedure to compare the groups is a(n)
ANCOVA
One-way ANOVA
Two-way ANOVA
t-test
Which of the following terms is also referred to as an
a priori test
?
ANCOVA
ANOVA
Post hoc tests
Planned comparisons
An interaction is defined as
The chance that the researcher is wrong in rejecting the null
The estimate of the proportions of variance
The joint effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable
A range of numerical values in which the actual value of the population probably lies
A two-way analysis of variance will have _______
F
-tests.
2
1
4
3
The covariate in analysis of covariance is chosen to be
Highly related to the dependent variable
Moderately related to the dependent variable
Related to the independent variable(s)
Not related to the dependent variable
If a researcher is interested in studying the effects of differently organized classrooms on several different but related attitudes, it would be best to use what type of analysis?
Multivariate
Univariate
Correlational
Nonparametric
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