- Describe the process of fertilization and conception.
- Identify the various methods of optimizing the chances of conception and their success rates.
- Describe various offspring gender selection techniques and their success rates.
- Describe the causes of infertility in males and females.
- List and describe contemporary methods for overcoming infertility.
- Examine the biological and psychological effects of pregnancy on women.
- Trace prenatal development through the germinal, embryonic and fetal stages.
- Describe the effects on the embryo and fetus of environmental factors that the parents are exposed to before and during pregnancy.
- Discuss possible chromosomal and genetic abnormalities in the fetus and the tests used to detect them.
- Describe maternal physical changes associated with the three stages of childbirth.
- Discuss historical and current methods of childbirth, including the use of anesthesia, preparation for childbirth and the need for and frequency of Cesarean sections.
- Compare hospitals and alternative locations for giving birth.
- Explain the suspected causes, the effects at birth and the effects later in a child's life of anoxia, preterm delivery and low-birthweight.
- Explain the emotional and physical changes that women may experience during the postpartum period.
- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of breast-feeding and bottle-feeding.
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