1 .		When a surplus of resources exists, it is possible for some people to accumulate more than others, leading to the emergence of a system of __________, the ranking of people into a hierarchy in which a society’s valuable resources are unequally distributed.    a. relative deprivation   b. social selection   c. social stratification   d. survival of the affluent
2 .		The __________ definition of poverty views poverty not only in terms of how many resources people have, but also in terms of why they have failed to achieve a higher economic level.    a. cultural   b. relative   c. absolute   d. social
3 .		__________ argue that stratification exists because it makes some useful contribution to the ongoing maintenance of society.    a. Conflict theorists   b. Functionalists   c. Interactionists   d. Demographers
4 .		Today, more than 1.3 billion people live in __________, a condition that exists when people do not have the means to secure the most basic necessities of life.    a. relative poverty   b. absolute poverty   c. economic collapse   d. market basket poverty
5 .		More recent cultural explanations of poverty have focused on the lack of __________--the values, beliefs, attitudes, and competencies in language and culture that are required for success and social advancement.    a. human capital   b. life chances   c. behavioral capital   d. cultural capital
6 .		The United States may be best characterized as a(n) __________ that has a small sector of primary production, a larger manufacturing sector, and a growing service sector.    a. postindustrial economy   b. multi-tiered economy   c. advanced industrial economy   d. flexible economy
7 .		The __________ program was established by the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 to provide preschool children from low-income families with enrichment and early learning experiences that middle-class children presumably receive at home.    a. Head Start   b. child welfare   c. social insurance   d. educational advancement
8 .		Karl Marx detailed the __________ of workers—their sense of powerlessness, isolation, and meaninglessness—when work is done strictly for material gain, not for a sense of personal satisfaction.    a. underemployment   b. anomie   c. alienation   d. economic need
9 .		In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in __________--part-time work, temporary work, and subcontracted work that offers advantages to employers but can be detrimental to workers’ welfare.    a. off-site work   b. contingent work   c. primary tier jobs   d. seasonal work
10 .		__________ refers to the way in which all assets—money, property, stocks, bonds—are apportioned throughout society.    a. Income distribution   b. Wealth distribution   c. Asset allocation   d. Resource distribution