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Sample CSE references entries: Electronic sources


Electronic sources

Scientific Style and Format includes a few formats for citing electronic sources, derived from National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation. For additional formats, the CSE Web site recommends the NLM 2001 supplement for Internet sources. The following models adapt these NLM formats to CSE name-year and number styles.

Note Since neither the CSE nor the NLM specifies how to break electronic addresses at the ends of lines, follow MLA style: break only after slashes, and do not hyphenate.

12. A source on CD-ROM

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13. An online journal article

Give the date of your access, preceded by "cited," in brackets: [cited 2002 Dec 27] in the models above. If the article has no reference numbers (pages, paragraphs, and so on), estimate the length in brackets—for instance, [about 15 p.] or [about 6 screens].

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14. An online book

As with an online journal article, give the date of your access, preceded by "cited," in brackets. If the source uses page or other reference numbers, provide the total as in model 1. If no reference numbers are provided, you may estimate them in brackets, as in the examples above.

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15. A source retrieved from an online database


After "In," provide information on the database: title, place of publication, and publisher. (If the database author is different from the publisher, give the author's name before the title.) If you see a date of publication or copyright date for the database, give it after the publisher's name. Add the date of your access, preceded by "cited," in brackets. After the availability statement, add any identifying number the database uses for the source.

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16. A Web site

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17. Electronic mail

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18. A posting to a discussion list

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19. Computer software

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