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Online documents such as e-mail and those written for the Web often use conventions for emphasis other than underlining or italics. Many e-mail programs cannot support italics or underlined words. The standard e-mail alternative to underlining/italics is placing a line just before and after the word or phrase, as in the following sentence: "My teacher assigned us to read Hemingway's _A Farewell to Arms_." In documents written for the Web, underlining signifies a link. If you cannot use italics or bold, you could try enclosing a word or phrase in [brackets] or *stars.* For serious academic work that will be placed online, check with your instructor. The different academic disciplines are continuing to develop standards for online citations and publication.
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