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The American Revolutionary War began in April 1775 when a group of Minute Men met the British at , where "the shot heard 'round the world" and an exchange of gunfire left eight Americans dead.
Two events in January, 1776 moved the colonists toward independence; the British decision to hire mercenary troops, and the publication of .
, an English radical pamphleteer, wrote Common Sense, denouncing monarchy and advocating complete independence for the colonies.
Virginia delegate introduced to the Second Continental Congress the resolution calling for a declaration of independence.
British General defeated the inexperienced Continental Army at the Battle of Long Island, but failed to follow up his advantage, and Washington's army escaped.
After the loss of Philadelphia, General Washington encamped his army at , Pennsylvania for the winter of 1777.
General , a brilliant commander of "guerrilla" warfare, replaced the ineffective General Gates then harassed Lord Cornwallis' army as it marched through the southern interior.
The American Revolutionary War effectively ended when British General was trapped and forced to surrender his army at Yorktown, Virginia in 1781.
The first constitution of the United States, drafted by the Second Continental Congress in 1776 and ratified by the states in 1782, was called the .
In the new state governments created during the American Revolutionary War, most state constitutions contained a to protect individual civil liberties against all branches of state government.
The new state with perhaps the most democratic constitution, even eliminating the executive office of governor, was .
The , written by Thomas Jefferson and enacted in 1786, separated church and state in Virginia by disestablishing the Anglican church.
The provided for a system for surveying and selling public land in the western territories.
During the American Revolution, became "the chief human symbol" of both the Revolution itself and "a common Americanism."
The immensely popular textbooks written by emphasized American forms and usage, indicating that Americans were increasingly aware of their common interests and proud of their common heritage.
