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Citing the failure of Americans to live up to the terms of the 1783 Treaty of Paris, Britain refused to surrender its outposts in the area of the U.S.'s territory.
After the 1783 Treaty of Paris, closed the Mississippi River to U.S. trade.
When some state legislatures raised taxes and restricted new issues of paper currency in the 1780s, the resulting deflation had its greatest impact on , especially farmers.
In 1786, the Massachusetts state supreme court was forced to close by an armed mob led by , and it convinced many that the national government needed more authority.
At the Annapolis Convention in 1786, who advocated a strong central government, proposed calling another convention to meet in Philadelphia in 1787 to deal with constitutional reform.
The framers of the Constitution basically agreed that the United States should have a system of government with independent state governments and a national government with limited powers.
The Philadelphia Convention delegates' decision to have both proportional and equal representation in Congress was called the (or Connecticut) Compromise.
The Three-fifths Compromise on taxation and representation at the Philadelphia Convention was the result of the delegates having to determine the status of in the United States.
Worried that the powerful new government they had created might be abused, the Founding Fathers created a system of to limit the authority of each branch of the national government.
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote the that brilliantly explained and defended the new system of government proposed in the Constitution.
The first Congress passed the first ten amendments to the Constitution. Known as the , these amendments protected individual civil liberties and states' rights.
When Thomas Jefferson questioned the constitutionality of Alexander Hamilton's proposal to create a national bank, Hamilton responded that the authority to do so fell within the of Congress.
The was a protest by western Pennsylvania farmers against the excise tax policies of Hamilton's financial program.
The XYZ Affair nearly resulted in a war between the United States and .
In the Kentucky and Resolves, James Madison and Thomas Jefferson argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional, and Jefferson argued that states could declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.
