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During the American Civil War, France established a protectorate over and installed Archduke Maximilian of Austria as emperor.
In 1867, Secretary of State William Seward negotiated the purchase of from Russia for $7.2 million.
In the 1890s, argued that America's prosperity and national security depended on building a powerful navy.
In 1898, the United States went to war with Spain with the intention of helping win its independence.
One immediate cause of the Spanish-American War was that the Spanish were thought to be responsible for the destruction of the U.S. battleship in Havana harbor in February 1898.
In 1898, Emilio Aguinaldo was the leader of nationalist forces fighting for the independence of the from Spanish authority.
After the Spanish-American War, an intense national debate raged in the United States over the wisdom of annexing the .
After the Spanish-American War, the to the Cuban constitution, made Cuba a virtual protectorate of the United States.
Through , the United States declared a police power over the affairs of nations in the Western Hemisphere.
Secretary of State John Hay's policy was designed to help American businesses exploit the markets of China.
In order to build the Panama Canal, President Roosevelt used American naval forces to help the Panamanians win their independence from .
President Taft's foreign policy of using American economic strength to penetrate the economies of other countries to avoid actually exercising political control of them was called .
As the Spanish-American War began in 1898, Congress passed the wherein the United States claimed it had no intention of annexing Cuba.
In 1905, President Roosevelt won the Noble Peace Prize for successfully mediating an end to the Russo-Japanese War in the Treaty of , although the Japanese came away resentful toward the United States.
In a "Gentleman's agreement"with Japan in 1907, got the San Francisco school board to stop segregating Asian children in return for a Japanese promise to close emigration to laborers who wanted to come to the United States.
