THE TOULMIN MODEL

The British philosopher, Stephen Toulmin, created a system to analyze the logical structure in arguments. Toulmin's system will enable you to confirm that the major premises of your argument are clear and accurate.

PARTS OF A TOULMIN ARGUMENT

Claim – The assertion you are trying to prove.
Grounds – The evidence that supports your claim.
Warrant – The assumptions and principles that underlie your claim and connect your claim to the grounds.
Backing – The reasons that demonstrate the reliability of your claim.
Qualifiers – Words or phrases that show when, how, and why your claim is reliable.
Rebuttal – The exceptions to the claim.

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