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Chapter 15: Freedom: The Struggle for Civil Liberties

Multiple-Choice Quiz

Multiple-Choice Quiz
Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

This activity contains 25 questions.

	Civil liberties refer to:   constitutional provisions, laws, and practices that protect individuals from certain types of government interference. the due process of law. the equal protection of the laws. equal treatment by government of all citizens, and guarantees of equal citizenship for all Americans. minority protection under U.S. law.

	In the 1780s, why did many citizens insist on including a bill of rights in the new Constitution?   They believed that the national government did not have enough power. They wanted to give the president more power relative to the Congress. They distrusted states with the power given to them by the Constitution. They found the proposed Constitution too stingy in its listing of liberties, and wanted more guarantees of restrictions on the power of the national government. They were pressured to do so by their local governments.

	The Constitution prohibits Congress and the states from:   suspending the writ of habeas corpus. passing bills of attainder. passing ex post facto laws. All are correct. None is correct.

	In the nineteenth century, the U.S. Supreme Court gave primary emphasis to which of the following liberties?   religious liberty the right to bear arms property rights freedom of speech civil rights

	Which of the following statements best describes the approach the Supreme Court took toward property relations during the Marshall era?   The Court barred virtually any and all changes in established property relations, especially those sought by the states. The Court favored property used in ways that encouraged economic growth over the simple enjoyment of property when the two were in conflict The Court began to alter property relations to make them consistent with an emerging, dynamic industrial economy. The Court declared that when property rights between a state and a citizen were in dispute, the state's interest should always dominate. The Court adopted a very liberal stance in which accepted norms were discredited.

	In which case did the Supreme Court declare that property laws should encourage economic competition and technological advances?   Dred Scott v. Sandford Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge Fletcher v. Peck The Slaughterhouse Cases U.S. v. Microsoft

	In the Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) decision:   all African-Americans were freed by court order. southern states were told they could not leave the Union. Chief Justice Taney claimed that slaves were not citizens who possessed rights, but simply private property belonging to their owners, no different from land or tools. the Court declared that slaves could not be taken into territories. the Court declared that slavery was illegal in northern states.

	Which of the following factors probably had the greatest impact on Supreme Court decisions during the nineteenth century in which property rights were expanded and refined?   an emerging, dynamic industrial economy freedom from British domination continued westward expansion increased population slavery

	The process of applying the Bill of Rights to the states through the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment is called:   judicial extension. judicial restraint. selective incorporation. coupling. mandate.

	According to footnote 4 of U.S. v. Carolene Products Company, the Supreme Court would not defer to the actions of the other branches of the national government or the states in which of the following circumstances?   The Court would not presume the constitutionality of any law that established a national bank. The Court would not presume the constitutionality of any laws that were not first cleared by the Supreme Court. The Court would not presume the constitutionality of any laws that contradict any part of the Bill of Rights. The Court would not presume the constitutionality of any laws that restricted foreign travel. The Court would not presume the constitutionality of any laws that restricted foreign trade.

	The assumption that the actions of elected bodies and officials are legal under the Constitution is the definition of:   ordinary scrutiny. intermediate scrutiny. strict scrutiny. judicial review. aggressive review.

	The assumption that the actions of elected bodies and officials that violate "equal protection" or other constitutional rights is the definition of:   ordinary scrutiny. intermediate scrutiny. strict scrutiny. judicial review. civil review.

	When can a government in the United States regulate the content of free speech?   only when a majority of people agree that the speech should be made illegal. only when the speech poses a clear and present danger that the government has a duty to prevent. only when the president and Congress both agree that the speech should be made illegal. only when the speech condones communism. only when overheard by law enforcement.

	The first incorporation of the Bill of Rights occurred with respect to free speech in the famous case of:   Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Gitlow v. New York (1925). U.S. v. Nixon (1974) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). Roe v. Wade

	The core of freedom of the press is the doctrine known as:   gag orders. no prior restraint. clear and present danger. exclusionary rule. absence of malice.

	Which of the following is a test for obscenity as defined by the Supreme Court in Miller v. California?   The average person, applying contemporary community standards, must find that the work as a whole appeals to lust. A state law must specifically define sexual conduct that the work depicts or describes in a clearly offensive manner. The work as a whole must lack serious literary, political, or scientific value. All are correct. None is correct.

	One of the few absolutes in U.S. constitutional law is that:   government may not interfere with religious beliefs. unpopular religious sects can be banned. capital punishment is unconstitutional. people have the right to assemble whenever and wherever they wish. everyone has the right to vote.

	The Supreme Court uses the "Lemon Test" to determine the constitutionality of which type of law?   laws having to do with religious beliefs laws having to do with freedom of speech laws regulating the rights of the accused laws which define the separation between church and state laws applying to agricultural imports

	The First Amendment says that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion." This is generally known as:   the establishment clause. the lemon law. the exclusionary rule. the separation clause. segregation.

	The U.S. Constitutional right to privacy is based on interpretation of the:   First Amendment. Second Amendment. Sixth Amendment. Ninth Amendment. Fourth Amendment.

	Under which of the following chief justices did the Supreme Court expand due process to protect the rights of persons accused of crimes?   Taney Burger Warren Rehnquist Taft

	In 1961, in Mapp v. Ohio, the Supreme Court developed this rule that prevents police and prosecutors from using evidence gained through warrantless and unreasonable searches to convict people.   establishment rule due process rule exclusionary rule equal protection rule admission rule

	In 1988, in Murray v. United States, the Rehnquist Court said that prosecutors could use products of illegal searches if other evidence unrelated to the illegal evidence would have justified a search warrant. This ruling:   narrowed the exclusionary rule. was declared unconstitutional. expanded the meaning of the exclusionary rule. extended the rights of the accused. had little real-world effect.

	So-called "Miranda" rights basically concern the issue of:   a quick and speedy trial. freedom of religion. what evidence can be used against an individual in court. self-incrimination. property rights.

	Capital punishment:   has been declared a form of "cruel and unusual punishment" by the Supreme Court and is no longer permitted. is allowed by the Supreme Court. is regulated by state courts of last resort only. is allowed but never practiced. is favored by an overwhelming majority of Americans.

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