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Welcome to the no frames page for Analogies.<p>
<p class="volume_subhdr">Analogies</p>
<p>Metaphors and similes are figures of speech that use direct and indirect comparisons.
Both require you to use critical and creative thinking skills to figure
out the relationships between ideas. Solving analogies is an effective way to develop
critical and creative thinking skills and prepare for standardized tests.</p>
<p>An analogy is a type of word problem that is made up of two pairs of
words. The first pair of words sets up a logical relationship between two ideas.
You must complete the second pair of words with a word that correctly reflects
the same relationship.</p>
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<td valign="top" bgcolor="#DEF2F7"> <p>An <strong>analogy</strong> is a type
of word problem<br>
pairs of logically related words.</p></td>
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<p>Study the following example and explanation of analogy-solving steps:</p>
<p>SAD : GLAD :: SHORT : __________</p>
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<td valign="top" nowrap><div align="right"><b>Step 1: </b></div></td>
<td>Read the analogy in the form of a sentence that states a comparison<br>
between the ideas like this: “Sad is to glad as short is to __________."</td>
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<td valign="top" nowrap><div align="right"><b>Step 2:</b></div></td>
<td>Ask yourself, “What is the relationship between <em>sad</em> and
<em>glad</em>?”<br>
These words are opposite in meaning; they are antonyms. The<br>
sentence can now read “<i>Sad</i> is the opposite of <em>glad</em>
as <em>short</em> is the<br>
opposite of __________."</td>
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<div align="right"><b>Step 3:</b></div></td>
<td>Write the word that is the opposite of <em>short</em> in the blank. The
best<br>
answer is <em>tall</em>.</td>
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<p>The word pairs in many analogies are in one of four general types of relationships:</p>
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<td><table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
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<td width="21%" nowrap><font color="#00A0C1" size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Analogy
Type</strong></font></td>
<td width="59%" nowrap><font color="#00A0C1" size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Definition</strong><br>
</font></td>
<td width="20%" nowrap><font color="#00A0C1" size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Example</strong></font></td>
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<td nowrap><font color="#00A0C1" size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Antonyms<strong><br>
</strong></font></td>
<td nowrap><font color="#00A0C1" size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">words
with opposite meanings</font></td>
<td nowrap><font color="#00A0C1" size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">sad
: glad</font></td>
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<td nowrap><font color="#00A0C1" size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Synonyms
</font></td>
<td nowrap><font color="#00A0C1" size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">words
with similar or same meanings<br>
</font></td>
<td nowrap><font color="#00A0C1" size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">brilliant
: radiant</font></td>
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<td nowrap><font color="#00A0C1" size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Descriptions</font></td>
<td nowrap><font color="#00A0C1" size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one
word describes the other word</font></td>
<td nowrap><font color="#00A0C1" size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">talented
: actor</font></td>
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<td nowrap><font color="#00A0C1" size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Part
to whole</font></td>
<td nowrap><font color="#00A0C1" size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">one
word is an item in the larger group named by the the word</font></td>
<td nowrap><font color="#00A0C1" size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">fingers
: hand</font></td>
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</table></td>
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</table></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>However, often an analogy does not fit into one of these groups, as the following
example illustrates:</p>
<p>CALF : COW :: FAWN: __________</p>
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<td valign="top" nowrap><div align="right"><b>Step 1: </b></div></td>
<td>When we put the word pairs into a sentence, we can see that none<br>
of the four common relationships is expressed: “A <em>calf</em> is
to a <em>cow</em><br>
as a <em>fawn</em> is to a __________."</td>
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<td valign="top" nowrap><div align="right"><b>Step 2:</b></div></td>
<td>When we ask what the relationship is between a <em>calf</em> and a <em>cow</em>,<br>
our sentence changes to read, “A <em>calf</em> is a young <em>cow</em>
as a <em>fawn</em> is a<br>
young __________."</td>
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<td height="28" valign="top" nowrap> <div align="right"><b>Step 3:</b></div></td>
<td>Write <em>deer</em> in the space as the word that best completes the sentence.</td>
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</table>
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