Chapter 11: Mastery Test 7
 
A. Read the following passage from a health textbook. Then choose "a. valid inference" for the five inferences that are firmly based on the information in the passage.

What Is Stress?

      1Stress is the mental and physical response of our bodies to the changes and challenges in our lives. 2A stressor is any physical, social, or psychological event or condition that causes the body to have to adjust to a specific situation. 3Stressors may be tangible, such as an angry parent, or intangible, such as the mixed emotions associated with meeting your significant other's parents for the first time. 4Adjustment is the attempt to cope with a given situation. 5During adjustment to a stressor, strain may develop. 6Strain is the wear and tear the body and mind sustains during the process of adjusting to or resisting a stressor.
     7Stress and strain are linked to most daily activities. 8Generally, positive stress, or stress that presents the opportunity for personal growth and satisfaction, is called eustress. 9Getting married, starting school, beginning a career, and making new friends all give rise to eustress. 10Distress, or negative stress, results in debilitative stress and strain. 11Examples of distress include injury or illness, the death of a loved one, and the breakup of a relationship.

—Adapted from Donatelle, Access to Health, pp. 64-65.

      1. The purpose of this passage is to define stress.  

 
 
      2. The word tangible in sentence 3 suggests that some stressors are obvious.  

 
 
      3. A traffic jam is an example of a tangible stressor.  

 
 
      4. Fear of failure is an example of an intangible stressor.  

 
 
      5. All stress is harmful.  

 
 
      6. Starting a new career can be a cause of eustress.  

 
 
      7. Stress can be completely avoided.  

 
 
      B. Read the following passage from a health textbook. Then choose "a. valid inference" for the five inferences that are firmly based on the information in the passage.

Population Control

     In 1999, the world's population surpassed 6 billion. Ninety-seven percent of each year's population growth occurs in the poorest parts of the world. Experts believe that by 2050, the world population will grow to over 9 billion. Many scientists think that overpopulation has caused a loss of large areas of forest and topsoil. Some also believe that uncontrolled population growth will lead to worldwide shortages of food and energy. For the past half century, people concerned about overpopulation have called for population control. The following statistics are based on current population:
  • 300 million women want family planning but do not have information about it or the means to get it.
  • 1 billion people have no access to health care.
  • 1.3 billion people live in poverty.
  • 840 million people don't have enough food to stay healthy.
  • 85 countries do not have the ability to grow or buy enough food to feed their citizens.
  • 1.5 billion people do not have access to safe drinking water.
—Adapted from Donatelle, Health: The Basics, 5th ed., p. 406.

8. Poor people should not have children.  

 
 
      9. Poor people are more likely to have many children.  

 
 
      10. Many people are outraged by overpopulation.  

 
 
      11. Some people fear the effects of overpopulation.  

 
 
      12. The world is overpopulated.  

 
 
      13. Some people want to limit the number of children people have.  

 
 
      14. The statistics are likely to rise in the upcoming years.  

 
 
      15. Overpopulation is the main cause of starvation.  

 
 
      16. About twenty percent of the population live in poverty.  

 
 





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