Chapter 3: Review Test 5

A. Skim each of the following paragraphs. Then identify the idea that correctly states the topic. (Hint: one idea is too general to be the topic; another idea is too specific.)


		1. ¹Therapeutic touch is a form of alternative medicine. ²It is derived from an ancient technique called the laying-on of hands. ³Therapeutic touch is based on the premise that the therapist's "healing force" affects the patient's recovery. ⁴Healing is promoted when the body's energies are in balance. 5By passing their hands over the patient, healers can identify energy imbalances. —National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, "What is Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)?"

		2. ¹It is perhaps not surprising that shoplifting is so widespread. ²Shops contain new goods, temptingly displayed. ³Self-service sales methods, now so common, provide ample opportunity for shoppers to handle goods (many of which are prepackaged) and conceal them in clothing or bags. ⁴People seem more willing to steal from shops than from private individuals. ⁵They know they have little chance of getting caught, and if caught, they can often produce plausible excuses such as forgetting to pay. ⁶Fear of retaliation by the thief might also prevent retailers from reporting thefts to the police. —Clarke, "Shoplifting."

		3. ¹Fatigue can have noticeable short-term effects. ²First, fatigue affects the body. ³Long hours of work without rest can result in muscle aches, tension headaches, and eyestrain. ⁴Second, fatigue affects the mind. ⁵A tired mind turns sluggish, and thoughts can become confused. ⁶Third, fatigue affects the emotions. ⁷An individual who has worked to the point of exhaustion may become oversensitive and short-tempered. ⁸Fourth, not only does fatigue affect the individual, but it also has an immediate effect on the person's work product. ⁹A worker who is overtired is more likely to make careless mistakes and turn out a lower-quality product. ¹⁰Finally, exhaustion strains personal relationships by increasing the likelihood of misunderstandings and quarrels.

		B. Read the following paragraph from a college history textbook, and identify the sentence that states the main idea. ¹By mid 1600, the cost of meeting the Virginia region's need for labor became a major problem. ²The country resorted to slavery to meet its growing need for labor. ³The first African blacks brought to English North America arrived on a Dutch ship and were sold at Jamestown in 1619. ⁴Early records are vague and incomplete, so it is not possible to say whether these Africans were treated as slaves or freed after a period of years like bond servants. ⁵What is certain is that by about 1640, some blacks were slaves (a few, with equal certainty, were free). ⁶By the 1660s, local laws had firmly established slavery in Virginia and Maryland. —Adapted from Garraty & Carnes, The American Nation, 10th ed., p. 42. 4. Topic sentence: ___