Chapter 7: Mastery Test 7

Read the following paragraphs from a college social science textbook. Fill in the blanks in each paragraph with transition words or phrases from the list above it. Then answer the questions following the paragraph.

1. - 3.

as
on the other hand
illustrate

A Matter of Definition

¹Definitions often reflect an attitude toward the thing that is being defined. ²Words that describe hallucinogens (1) this point.

³Those who view these drugs with a positive spin describe them as "mind-expanding" or "making the mind manifest." ⁴(2) , those who view these drugs with

alarm describe them (3) "mind-disrupting" or "mind-dissolving." ⁵You can see that the description one chooses to use carries a strong attitude, pro or con, toward the drug's effect.

—Adapted from Levinthal, Drugs, Behaviors, and
Modern Society, 3rd ed., p. 125.

4. The relationship between sentence 1 and sentence 2 is

a. cause and effect.

b. generalization and example.

c. comparison and contrast.

5. The relationship between sentence 3 and sentence 4 is

a. cause and effect.

b. definition and example.

c. comparison and contrast.

in contrast
means
for example

Instrumental and Recreational Drug Abuse

¹The phrase "instrumental use of drugs" (6) that a person is taking a drug with a specific, socially approved goal in mind. ²For example, the user may want to stay awake longer, fall asleep more quickly, or recover from an illness.

³(7) , the phrase "recreational use of drugs" means that a person is taking the drug for the purpose of having the effect of the drug itself. ⁴For example, the user wants to enjoy a feeling or state of mind. ⁵The term misuse typically applies to cases in which a drug is used inappropriately.

⁶Many instances of drug misuse involve instrumental goals. ⁷(8) , drug doses may be increased beyond the level of the prescription in the mistaken idea that if a little is good, then more is even better. ⁸Or doses may be decreased from the level of the prescription to make the drug supply last longer. ⁹Drug misuse can lead to serious complications and even death.

Adapted from Levinthal, Drugs, Behaviors,
and Modern Society, 3rd ed., pp. 4-5.

9. The relationship between sentence 1 and sentence 2 is

a. cause and effect.

b. definition and example.

c. comparison and contrast.

10. The relationship between sentence 6 and sentence 7 is

a. cause and effect.

b. generalization and example.

c. comparison and contrast.