Chapter 11: Review Test 5

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Making Inferences

Read the passages below. Choose "a. valid inference" for the two inferences that are firmly based on the information in each passage.

This activity contains 18 questions.

Passage 1

¹Brainstorming lets a flood of ideas rush free. ²Often brainstorming aids in the search for a solution to a problem. ³During brainstorming, a person or group creates a stream of thoughts that are recorded. ⁴For best results, whatever comes to mind should be written down, and no idea should be criticized. ⁵For example, when a student faces writer's block, brainstorming is a good way to think of topics, ideas, and supporting details.

Brainstorming does not encourage creative thinking.

	a. valid inference
	b. not a valid inference

Criticism can hinder creative thinking.

	a. valid inference
	b. not a valid inference

Brainstorming can be helpful when planning an essay.

	a. valid inference
	b. not a valid inference

Passage 2
Posted on the wall beside the elevators and above an ashtray full of cigarette butts is a sign stating, "This is NOT a smoking area."
People are smoking in a nonsmoking area.

	a. valid inference
	b. not a valid inference

Authorities provided the ashtray because they expect people to ignore the NO SMOKING sign.

	a. valid inference
	b. not a valid inference

The ashtray is offered so that people can obey the sign.

	a. valid inference
	b. not a valid inference

Passage 3

¹Mara and Kimberly walked out to the parking lot at the same time. ²Each woman lugged identical sets of thick, heavy textbooks. ³Mara also struggled to hold on to the heavy jacket she had worn that morning. ⁴As Kimberly watched Mara battle with her coat and books, she was grateful she had grabbed only a sweater, which was now tied around her waist.

Mara and Kimberly are friends.

	a. valid inference
	b. not a valid inference

The weather warmed up during the day.

	a. valid inference
	b. not a valid inference

Mara and Kimberly take some of the same courses.

	a. valid inference
	b. not a valid inference

It is the summer season.

	a. valid inference
	b. not a valid inference

Passage 4

¹With a dark scowl on his face, Jerome marched down the driveway to his car. ²Violently jerking on the handle, he flung open the driver's door, got in, and slammed the door shut. ³He gunned the engine to life and squealed out of the driveway in reverse. ⁴He ground the gears as he shifted into drive; then he peeled off, leaving a burn of rubber on the road as he roared away.

Jerome is angry.

	a. valid inference
	b. not a valid inference

Jerome is a skilled driver.

	a. valid inference
	b. not a valid inference

Jerome is allowing his emotions to affect his driving.

	a. valid inference
	b. not valid inference

Jerome often becomes angry.

	a. valid inference
	b. not a valid inference

Passage 5

The following excerpt is adapted from the article "Should We Eat like Cavemen?"

Should We Eat Like Cavemen?

¹Several magazine articles and books suggest that we should eat more like the humans of the Paleolithic era. ²Then we would not be facing obesity and health problems so common in America.
³Cave dwellers didn't have the chance to overeat often. ⁴For cavemen, every extra bit of food consumed meant more work hunting or foraging. ⁵They did not have fellow cavemen offering to supersize their meals, and eating was probably not considered a leisure activity. ⁶Studies show that access to a wide variety of tempting foods increases calorie intake. ⁷Cavemen did not face the temptations of kitchens stocked with umpteen kinds of cookies, chips, and ice cream.

—Adapted from Collins, "Should We Eat Like Cavemen?" MSNBC Health Page. 22 Nov. 2002.

Cavemen lived in the Paleolithic era.

	a. valid inference
	b. not a valid inference

Cavemen were less likely to be overweight than modern Americans.

	a. valid inference
	b. not a valid inference

Most Americans are fat.

	a. valid inference
	b. not a valid inference

Most Americans would like to eat like cavemen.

	a. valid inference
	b. not valid inference

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Chapter 11: Review Test 5

Criticism can hinder creative thinking.

Brainstorming can be helpful when planning an essay.

Passage 2 Posted on the wall beside the elevators and above an ashtray full of cigarette butts is a sign stating, "This is NOT a smoking area." People are smoking in a nonsmoking area.

Authorities provided the ashtray because they expect people to ignore the NO SMOKING sign.

The ashtray is offered so that people can obey the sign.

The weather warmed up during the day.

Mara and Kimberly take some of the same courses.

It is the summer season.

Jerome is a skilled driver.

Jerome is allowing his emotions to affect his driving.

Jerome often becomes angry.

Cavemen were less likely to be overweight than modern Americans.

Most Americans are fat.

Most Americans would like to eat like cavemen.

Passage 2
Posted on the wall beside the elevators and above an ashtray full of cigarette butts is a sign stating, "This is NOT a smoking area."
People are smoking in a nonsmoking area.