Chapter 12: Mastery Test 8

More Review and Mastery Tests
Chapter 12: Mastery Test 8

A. Read the following group of ideas. Mark each statement C if it is an author's claim or S if it is support for the claim.

1. The reproductive service provided by male seahorses is unique in the animal kingdom.

2. The male has a pouch he may inflate with water to attract females, who may compete to win him.

3. The male's pouch functions as more than a depository; it provides nourishing fluid and oxygen through a capillary network.

4. During mating, the female impregnates the male, depositing 200-600 pinkish eggs from .5 to 1.5 mm in diameter into the male pouch.

5. The eggs are fertilized in the pouch and incubate in 2-6 weeks, depending on species and water temperature.

6. The term pregnancy is appropriate, for the male's pouch functions as more than a depository, it provides nourishing oxygen and fluids through capillary network.

7. As the babies mature, the fluid gradually changes to salt water, and when they reach about 1 cm in length the father expels them in a series of convulsions, appearing exhausted by the effort.

8. Males are usually impregnated again soon after they give birth.

—Adapted from Lindsay, "Seahorses: Flagships of Our Coasts," Hot Topics
Series, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, May 2003. 15 Mar. 2004

B. Read the following passage from a college science textbook. Answer the questions that follow it.

Overload

¹Have you ever felt that the pressures of life were building up so that you could no longer meet their demands? ²Perhaps you felt as though there simply wasn't enough time in the day for you to accomplish all the things you needed to do. ³During this time you may have noticed a decline in your social life and more of a "self-centeredness." ⁴Perhaps you lost sleep and so became tired and irritable. ⁵You may even have become more susceptible to colds and flu. ⁶If any of these things sounds familiar, chances are you were a victim of overload. ⁷Overload, which means the same as overstimulation, refers to the state in which the demands around you exceed your capacity to meet them. ⁸Some aspects of your life are placing excessive demands on you. ⁹When these demands exceed your ability to comply with them, you experience distress. Add box around sentence 10. Have it indented the same as the paragraph below. ¹⁰Overload: a level of stimulation or demand that exceeds the capacity to process or comply with that input; overstimulation. ¹¹The four major factors in overload are (1) time pressures, (2) excessive responsibilities, (3) lack of support, and (4) excessive expectations from yourself and those around you. ¹²Any one or a combination of these factors can result in stress from overload. ¹³Overload encompasses the city, the occupational environment, the school, and even the home. ¹⁴Interestingly, many people are able to accomplish significantly high levels of success with no sign of overload distress.

—Adapted from Girdano, Everly, and Dusek,
Controlling Stress and Tension, 6th ed., p. 126

9. Which claim is adequately supported by the evidence in the passage?

a. The single most significant cause of overload arises from the excessive demands of others.

b. Overload can be avoided by learning to say no to others.

c. Overload is a significant and pervasive stressor in modern society.

d. Overload leads to serious mental and physical health risks.

10. Which sentence is not relevant to the author's claim?

a. sentence 1

b. sentence 2

c. sentence 13

d. sentence 14