Lab Activity 41: Comparison and Contrast Patterns <IMG SRC="/wps/media/objects/786/805726/tbskils_small.gif" ALT="tbskils

Chapter 9: More Thought Patterns
Lab Activity 41: Comparison and Contrast Patterns

Objective
To use transition words to determine patterns of comparison and contrast.

Step 2: Answer the following questions about "Differences in Early Physical Development."

5. There are a number of differences in babies from different ethnic (cultural) or racial backgrounds.

Ethnic means

a. having to do with an infant.

b. different.

c. cultural.

d. mature.

6. For example, black babies—whether born in Africa or elsewhere—develop somewhat faster, both prenatally and after birth.

Prenatally means

a. before birth.

b. after birth.

c. born on other continents.

d. developing faster.

7. In fact, the gestational period—the growth time inside the mother before the actual birth—for the black fetus seems actually to be slightly shorter than for the white fetus.

Gestational period means

a. the period of development after birth.

b. the period of development after infancy.

c. the period of development before birth.

d. the period of development prior to age 5.

8. Of the four, he found that Caucasian babies were the most active and irritable and the hardest to console.

Console means

a. to upset.

b. to stimulate.

c. to get back.

d. to comfort.

9. Both the Chinese and the Navaho infants, he observed, were relatively placid, or calm, while the Japanese infants responded vigorously but were easier to quiet than the Caucasian infants.

Placid means

a. lively.

b. energetic.

c. calm.

d. different.

10. Jerome Kagan and his colleagues have replicated part of these results in their recent comparison of Chinese, Irish, and Euro-American 4-month-olds.

Replicate means

a. to study.

b. to observe.

c. to avoid.

d. to copy.

11. One specific illustration: When Freedman tested each baby for the Moro reflex, he found that the Caucasian babies showed the typical pattern in which they reflexively extended both arms, cried vigorously and persistently, and moved their bodies in an agitated way.

Agitated means

a. soothing.

b. quiet.

c. bored.

d. restless.

12. Identify the sentence that expresses the central idea of the passage.

¹There are a number of differences in babies from different ethnic (cultural) or racial backgrounds. ²For example, black babies—whether born in Africa or elsewhere—develop somewhat faster, both prenatally and after birth. ³In fact, the gestational period—the growth time inside the mother before the actual birth—for the black fetus seems actually to be slightly shorter than for the white fetus. ⁴Black babies also show somewhat faster development of motor skills such as walking and are slightly taller than their white counterparts, with longer legs, more muscle, and heavier bones.

Central idea:

13. "For example, black babies—whether born in Africa or elsewhere—develop somewhat faster, both prenatally and after birth." In this sentence, which words indicate a transition of example? Be sure to spell your answer correctly.

14. "Black babies also show somewhat faster development of motor skills." In this sentence, which word shows addition? Be sure to spell your answer correctly.

15. "In contrast, Asian infants are somewhat slower to achieve many early motor milestones." In this sentence, which words indicate the comparison-and-contrast pattern of organization? Be sure to spell your answer correctly.

16. "Chinese and Navaho infants, he observed, were relatively placid, or calm, while the Japanese infants responded vigorously but were easier to quiet than the Caucasian infants." In this sentence, which word shows the addition pattern of organization? Be sure to spell your answer correctly.

17. "Navaho babies, on the other hand, showed quite a different pattern." In this sentence, which words indicate the comparison-and-contrast pattern of organization? Be sure to spell your answer correctly.

18. "Similarly, Chisolm replicated some of Freedman's observations, finding Navaho babies to be significantly less irritable, less excitable, and more able to quiet themselves than Euro-American babies." In this sentence, which word acts as a comparison-and-contrast transition? Be sure to spell your answer correctly.

19. "The parents, too, bring their cultural training to the interaction." In this sentence, which word shows addition? Be sure to spell your answer correctly.

20. Identify the pattern in the following paragraph:

In contrast, Asian infants are somewhat slower to achieve many early motor milestones. This could reflect simply differences in rate of maturation, or it could reflect some ethnic differences in the baby's level of activity or placidity—level of calmness.

a. addition

b. time

c. classification

d. comparison and contrast