Chapter 1: Mastery Test 8

Before you read the following passage from a psychology textbook, skim the information and write out five questions based on the words in bold print. Then read the passage and answer the questions you have created. Sleep Disorders and Their Symptoms

When a young girl falls asleep in the middle of the day, the reason is often simple drowsiness. In some cases, however, the cause may be a sleep disorder. Too much sleep, too little sleep, and odd variations in between can disturb our needed rest and our ability to function.

Night Terrors. Night terrors are vivid, frightening dreams. The dreamer cannot be awakened and does not remember the dreams. Night terrors are most common among boys 3 to 7 years old. Night terrors usually occur in the first third of a night's sleep. During a night terror, the child may sit bolt upright, screaming and sweating.

Nightmares. Nightmares are dreams with strong negative emotions. Nightmares often take place during early-morning sleep. The dreamer can be roused during the nightmare. Usually, the dreamer can remember at least part of the nightmare.

Narcolepsy. Narcolepsy is a sudden attack of extreme drowsiness and possibly sleep. A person with narcolepsy finds it impossible to stay awake and falls into sleep for 10- to 20-minute spells. The sleepiness may be triggered by a large meal or intense emotions, but it can occur at any time, even while driving.

Insomnia. Insomnia is difficulty getting to sleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early. Half the adults in the United States suffer from occasional insomnia. Chronic insomnia may stem from other problems such as depression or anxiety.

Sleep Apnea. Breathing stops briefly during sleep for up to 70 seconds, following a period of difficult breathing and loud snoring. The sleeper startles into a lighter state of sleep and may have no memory of these events. The sleeper may not feel rested after sleeping. Sleep apnea can be fatal.

—Adapted from Kosslyn & Rosenberg, Psychology: The Brain, the Person, the World, pp. 139-41.


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