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Topic 18: The Industrial Society

Multiple Choice

Multiple Choice

This activity contains 39 questions.

	The 1876 Centennial Exposition focused mainly on   art and literature. popular culture. machinery. American history. weaponry.

	Which of the following did NOT contribute significantly to American industrialization in the late nineteenth century?   international free trade expanding markets abundant resources investor confidence rapid population growth

	The Bessemer process transformed the steel industry because it   used far less labor. produced more durable steel. put production in German hands. required less capital. used cheap ore.

	Why did business trusts form in the late nineteenth century?   to raise prices to distribute wealth to decrease competition to regulate capital investment to increase efficiency

	John D. Rockefeller's methods for defeating competitors did NOT include   financial support from J. P. Morgan. high quality and low prices. All of the answers are correct. threats and bribery. spies and harassment.

	When a substantial number of women entered a profession,   they became a majority of its workers. men took their management positions. many men left for jobs in other fields. the profession's status lowered. All of the answers are correct.

	Which of the following best describes the early American Federation of Labor?   It was an alliance of industrial unions that tried to change the economic system. None of the answers are correct. It was an alliance of craft unions that tried to improve wages and working conditions. It was an alliance of craft unions that tried to change the economic system. It was an alliance of industrial unions that tried to improve wages and working conditions.

	The Haymarket Riot weakened the labor movement because it   All of the answers are correct. demonstrated the ineffectiveness of unions. linked labor to anarchism in the minds of many people. revealed the violent nature of unions. initiated the use of court injunctions against strikes.

	Which of the following lists industrial developments in proper chronological order?   None of the answers are correct. the formation of the first trust, completion of the first transcontinental railroad, formation of U.S. Steel Corporation the formation of U.S. Steel Corporation, formation of the first trust, completion of the first transcontinental railroad the completion of the first transcontinental railroad, formation of the first trust, formation of U.S. Steel Corporation the formation of the first trust, completion of the first transcontinental railroad, formation of U.S. Steel Corporation

	Which of the following industries was NOT transformed by a nineteenth-century invention by either Alexander Graham Bell or Thomas Alva Edison?   All of the answers are correct. power textiles entertainment communications

	According to Herbert Gutman, industrialization transformed the "culture of work." Which of the following best states his meaning?   Industrialization dramatically increased leisure time. Low pay led to frequent worker resistance, especially "sit-down" strikes. None of the answers are correct. Workers eagerly adopted the new technology because it made their work much easier. The new technology often required difficult and demeaning adaptations to pre-modern work patterns.

	Which of these produced NO innovations for marketing or merchandising?   R. H. Macy Finley Peter Dunne N. W. Ayer and Son Marshall Field Rich's

	It took about $600 per year to have a decent standard of living in the 1890s, while workers earned a yearly average of   $400-$500. $300-$400. None of the answers are correct. $500-$600. $600-$700.

	According to social historian Stephan Thernstrom, what was the extent of social mobility in America in the early industrial era?   there was no other state almost none substantial, but limited a great deal some, but not much

	Which of the following best describes the Knights of Labor?   a federation of craft unions aimed only at improving wages and working conditions None of the answers are correct. a union of producers aimed only at improving wages and working conditions a union of producers aimed at making each man his own employer a federation of industrial unions aimed at making each man his own employer

	The first immigrant nationality legally excluded from the United States were the   Italians. Chinese. Russians. Germans. French.

	Industrialism's impact on American workers was to   increase the importance of skills. provide constant full employment. increase impersonality in employer-employee relations. nearly eradicate poverty. reduce their standard of living.

	The Social Gospel   blamed individuals for their own poverty. focused on improvement of slum life. is best represented by Henry Ward Beecher. celebrated laissez-faire capitalism. emphasized individual salvation.

	Washington Gladden opposed   factory inspection laws. regulation of public utilities. the view that supply and demand should control wages. questioned the basic values of capitalism. the "Social Gospel."

	Settlement house workers did NOT   offer slum dwellers any practical knowledge. keep up with the expansion of slums. provide social work opportunities for college graduates. work with slum dwellers in their own environment. interpret American ways to new immigrants.

	All of the following increased in the late nineteenth century EXCEPT   farm production. the rural population. farmer protests. the social status of farmers. the number of farmers in the United States.

	Farmers most adversely affected by deflation and depression in the late nineteenth century were in the   Far West and Southwest states. Plains states and the South. old Middle West and Northwest states. Dakotas. New England and Middle Atlantic states.

	Munn v. Illinois   upheld the right of organized labor to bargain collectively. discontinued rail subsidies. ruled that interstate shipping rates should be "reasonable and just." ruled that only Congress could regulate interstate commerce. permitted legislatures to regulate rail and warehouse rates within a state.

	The expansion of industry after the Civil War was accompanied by the concentration of ownership into larger, but fewer organizations. The causes of this trend included all the following EXCEPT   economies of large-scale production. deflation. the growing importance of expensive machinery. lack of competition. the downward trend in prices throughout the economy.

	All of the following were invented by Thomas Edison EXCEPT the   phonograph. incandescent light bulb. telephone. motion picture projector. multiplex telegraph cable.

	Ultimately, which union was the most successful in the late nineteenth century?   American Railway Union American Federation of Labor National Labor Union Industrial Workers of the World Knights of Labor

	The first corporation to have a capitalization of over $1 billion was   Union Pacific. American Sugar Refining Company. Standard Oil of Ohio. General Electric. U.S. Steel.

	Radical theorists and utopians like Henry George, Henry Demarest Lloyd, and Edward Bellamy all insisted that reform of the American economy   would be a grave error. was essentially hopeless. could occur peacefully and orderly. required state ownership of all means of production. required a heavy tax on speculative land holdings.

	The Standard Oil trust was primarily formed to   evade Ohio laws regarding business activity in other states. avoid taxation. lower interest rates. push competitors out of the Ohio market. gain monopoly status for the Rockefeller interests in the oil business.

	All of the following refer to the Sherman Act EXCEPT   it was vaguely worded and not strictly enforced. it led to a rapid decline in the formation of new trusts after 1890. it carried fines of up to $5,000 and a year in jail for violation. it forbade combinations "in the form of trusts" and "in restraint of trade among the several states or with foreign nations." it was quickly curtailed by the Supreme Court.

	Who threw the bomb in Haymarket Square?   The thrower's identity remains a mystery. Emma Goldman Eugene Debs Terence Powderly an anarchist

	The "new woman" of middle-class America   called for radical action to change society. reflected the waves of immigration impacting the nation. sought more involvement in society away from the family. wanted to remain a symbol of ostentatious wealth. rejected the materialism of the age and the role of consumer.

	All of the following were major themes in the industrialization of the United States EXCEPT the   unequal distribution of wealth and power. growth of big business. development of a more diverse society. rise of urbanization. conservation of natural resources.

	The Homestead strike   showed how unions refused to accept reasonable compromises with management. revealed how moderate organized labor was in its actions against employers. showed that government supported business against labor. promoted the idea that unions, though enjoying immigrant support, were thoroughly American. began with the discovery of gold in the Yukon.

	The success ethic of the late nineteenth century   suggested material rewards were not the most important measure of success. was widespread in the ethnic ghettos of the big city. was contradicted by the "literary realism" in Horatio Alger novels. was typified by the rags-to-riches life story of most big businessmen. argued economic opportunity was unlimited for those who worked hard.

	The railroads suffered instability even as they enjoyed tremendous growth because of   monopolies within the industry. the effort to pay higher wages to workers. ruinous competition and price wars. the demand by workers for year-round employment. the survival of the fittest theory.

	The industrial workplace and ethnic diversity in the late nineteenth century   meant there was a wide range of work standards. meant workers moved up by practicing a "bootstrap" ethic. was a major problem in the South. produced a hierarchy of jobs for workers based on their national origins. meant all workers had about the same opportunity.

	Investment bankers aided the industrialization process by   building railroads. securing government loans for industry. investing in Europe. raising capital for industry. helping businesses increase competition.

	A company that is vertically integrated   constantly moves to a higher stage of production. has fewer debts to the banks. has a monopoly on one stage of business operations. controls all stages of a business. constantly moves forward or backward to satisfy consumers.

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