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Plotinus (205-270)

Plotinus was the last of the great ancient philosophers and tried to rekindle the flame of Greek thought. Born and raised in Egypt, he studied philosophy in Alexandria. In 243 he went east to study Indian and Persian philosophy; upon his return to Rome he devoted himself to teaching and writing philosophy that, because of his emphasis on the primacy of Plato, is known as neo-Platonism.

Plotinus' vast metaphysics inspired many devoted followers. He convinced Emperor Gallienus to build a second city near Rome, based on Plato's Republic, that was to be called Platonopolis, but the project was never completed. Plotinus' greatest work, posthumously edited by his student Porphyry into six books of nine sections (Enneads) each, is a vast metaphysical vision inspired by Parmenides, Pythagoras, and most of all Plato. Plotinus argues against the materialistic atomism of the Stoics, Epicureans, and Skeptics, whose materialistic philosophy he regarded as impotent for dealing with the growing superstitions of the time.




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