Chapter 4 explores narration and its importance in sorting out the myriad of experiences that human beings have on a daily basis. A chronological recounting of life experiences, narrative can be used as an effective means of support for all of the rhetorical patterns. As with other patterns, narrative is shaped by audience and purpose. Effective narrative essays are characterized by the following:

1. The central conflict or tension is either stated or emerges in the retelling of the experience.
2. The point of the narrative is made clear.
3. Details are selected to advance the narrative point.
4. The narrative sequence is chronological, occasionally marked by flashback or flashforward.
5. Transition devices make the narrative chain easy to follow.
6. Incorporation of vivid language, vigorous verbs, and strong sensory detail compels the reader to finish the story.
7. Narrative point of view and verb tense is consistent throughout.

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