In general, after you finish reading and studying this chapter, you should understand the following:

• the Bill of Rights and the reasons for its addition to the Constitution
• the application of some rights in the Bill of Rights to the states via the incorporation doctrine
• the meaning of the First Amendment's religion clauses:
• the establishment clause
• the free exercise clause
• the meaning of the First Amendment's free speech and press clause
• the interpretation and controversy over the Second Amendment; the right to bear arms
• rights of the accused or criminal defendant's rights in the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 8th Amendments
• the meaning of the right to privacy and how it has been interpreted by the Court

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