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Chapter 11 shows you how to analyze and represent numerical data so you can interpret the numbers you encounter in other people's arguments, and so you can use numbers effectively in your own writing. Numbers, just like any other kind of information, can be used ethically and responsibly. By the end of the chapter, you should understand the following: 1. There are strategies for deciding when to present quantitative information as a raw number, an adjusted number, a percentage, or a change-from-base calculation. 2. Precise quantitative data are often accompanied by less precise claims about "some," "many," "most," or such "weasel words" as "as many as." 3. Tables are more effective than graphs for some purposes, and less effective than graphs for others. 4. Different kinds of graphs serve different rhetorical purposes. 5. There are well-established conventions for numbering, labeling, and titling graphs. 6. A quantitative graphic, just like a paragraph of text, must be integrated into your text and exhibit what is called "independent redundancy" with the written text.
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