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Chapter 23 covers the last two of the seven essential skills you need to be an effective research writer: how to incorporate sources into your writing, and how to cite and document them properly. By the end of the chapter, you should understand the following: 1. There are several different reasons why you would use a given source in your research paper. 2. There are three primary ways to incorporate your sources into your writing: summarizing, paraphrasing, and quoting the source directly. 3. There are several different ways to incorporate quotations directly into your writing, including block, inserted, modified, and quotations within quotations. 4. In order to distinguish your sources' words from your own, you need to use strategically placed attributive tags. 5. Attributive tags can serve a variety of rhetorical purposes. They can increase or decrease the source's credibility; situate the source politically, historically, or culturally; or indicate a source's purpose or angle of vision. 6. Plagiarism is a serious ethical issue that takes multiple forms but can be avoided by careful note-taking and scrupulous adherence to conventional citation practices. 7. Both MLA and APA use a parenthetical citation system that employs an easily understood logic with a one-to-one correspondence between what appears in-text and what appears in the bibliographies for each system. 8. Downloaded sources and indirect sources present special citation problems that direct print sources do not.
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