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Chapter 26: Civilizations in Crisis: The Ottoman Empire, the Islamic Heartlands, and Qing China

Multiple Choice

Multiple Choice

This activity contains 19 questions.

	In the eighteenth century, unlike the Manchu dynasty of China, the Ottoman Empire   was conquering new territories in the Balkans and the Crimea. was making war on her Russian neighbors. restored Islamic unity and successfully maintained isolation from the West. was in full retreat. was being revived through significant reform introduced by the Sultans.

	Which statement concerning the impact of the West on other civilizations is most accurate?   By the end of the nineteenth century, the West was the primary cause of the destruction of other global civilizations. The West seems to not have had any impact on other global civilizations of the day. The West, dating back to the ancient world, had always been the primary cause of the destruction of other global civilizations. Despite the growth of scientific knowledge and military technology through the nineteenth century, nomadic peoples continued to be the primary cause of the fall of civilizations. While the West had a clearly demonstrable impact on Islam and China by the 19th century, the other global civilizations declined as a result of the incursion of other peoples.

	Which European power seized territories of the Ottoman Empire in the early decades of the eighteenth century?   Austria-Hungary Italy Britain France Belgium

	In the later 1700s, Russia   halted all expansion in order to deal more effectively with the internal revolution. became the main threat to the Ottoman's survival. withdrew from the territories they had seized along the Crimea. conquered Constantinople and established a port on the Mediterranean. became the primary ally of the Ottoman Empire among the European powers.

	Which state first successfully achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire?   Austria-Hungary Palestine Syria Serbia Poland

	Why did the British attempt to prop up the Ottoman Empire in the face of other European nations' desire to destroy it?   The British had one of their own countrymen on the Ottoman throne. Britain feared that the Russians would successfully establish a port on the Mediterranean. Britain wished to support the independence of Egypt under Muhammad Ali. Britain held a successful monopoly of the supply of opium to the Ottoman Empire. Britain had interests in seizing land in the Crimea.

	The Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II   was toppled from the throne by a Janissary revolt. attempted to restore absolutism and destroy the Western-style constitution of his predecessor. attempted to rid the Ottoman Empire of Western influences. successfully eliminated the Janissary corps as a military and political influence. was loath to introduce any reforms.

	In what year was the revised constitution introduced as part of the Tanzimat reforms?   1900 1876 1839 1848 1898

	The Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid   was happy to hand over the reigns of power to the representatives of the people. was a Sufi mystic who claimed direct descent from the Prophet. attempted to roll back the Tanzimat reforms and restore an absolute monarchy. attempted limited reforms that eventually cost him his life at the hands of a Janissary revolt. destroyed the Janissary corps as a political and military power.

	The Society for Union and Progress   supported the reform efforts of Sultan Abdul Hamid. were also known as the Arab League. were the only remaining supporters of Abdul Hamid by 1908. led the rebellion that overthrew Sultan Abdul Hamid. represented the older members of the ayan.

	The Napoleonic invasion of 1798 signaled the demise of whose rule in Egypt?   the Almoravids the Fatimids the Umayyads the Mujahadeen the Mamluks

	In1811, which ruler had succeeded in establishing his dominance over Egypt?   None of the answers are correct. Muhammad Ali, an Albanian officer in the Ottoman army Nurhaci, Almoravid military commander Murad, commander of the Mamluks Napoleon, French emperor

	Which statement most accurately describes the relationship between Egypt and the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Muhammad Ali?   Muhammad Ali rejoined Egypt to the Ottoman Empire when he succeeded Abdul Hamid as Sultan. Muhammad Ali created and maintained a long-running peace with the Ottoman Empire. Muhammad Ali, as a representative of the Ottoman army, immediately declared his allegiance to the Ottoman Sultan. The Ottoman Empire recognized the independence of Egypt under Muhammad Ali. Muhammad Ali invaded Syria and thus flouted the authority of the Ottoman Empire.

	Ahmad Orabi was   the king of Syria. a Turkish commander in the Ottoman army that conquered Egypt. the Khedive responsible for the construction of the Suez Canal. the Egyptian army officer who led a revolt against the Khedival government in 1882. the Sufi mystic who claimed to be a direct descendant of the Prophet.

	What nation intervened militarily in Egyptian affairs in 1882?   France Britain the Ottoman Empire Italy Holland

	The Mahdist revolt in the Sudan was crushed at what battle?   Aboukir Akabar Khartoum Omdurman Cairo

	Which statement concerning the Manchu government is most accurate?   Chinese officials were eliminated at the local administrative levels in order to prevent the extreme regionalization that had led to the downfall of previous dynasties. They destroyed the scholar-gentry in order to consolidate their grip on the government. The civil service examination system was eliminated as a means of entering the government. The Manchus were barbarians bent on destroying any recognizable influence of the Ming Empire. Though Manchus occupied a disproportionate number of the highest political positions, there were few limits on Chinese promotions within the imperial bureaucracy.

	What was the impact of the British opium trade on China?   The government was quickly able to halt the importation of opium, so that it did not have the disastrous impact on the Chinese population that was anticipated. A higher opium-addiction rate for the British nation. Due to the addiction of the imperial court, the British were welcomed as a valuable trade partner of China. Its use was restricted to the peasantry of northern China, where production of food rapidly decreased. Within years China's favorable balance of trade was reversed and silver began to flow out of the country.

	What rebellion was clandestinely supported by the Qing imperial court under Cixi?   the Boxer rebellion the Kwangxi rebellion the Taiping rebellion the Shandong rebellion the Shing-to rebellion

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