Context Clues Summary

There are several ways to figure out words you don't know, such as looking them up in a dictionary or figuring them out using word parts. Another, possibly more efficient way to figure out unfamiliar words is to use the context.

Using context means to figure out what words mean by how they are used in the sentence or paragraph where they appear. There are several different context clues you can use to help you figure out unfamiliar words.

Authors often use punctuation clues to help the reader. Punctuation clues might include commas, dashes, or parentheses.

Examples:

• Mary retained, kept, the deed to her mother's house.
• I wonder if that fruit is edible, able to be eaten.
• The company is going through many transitions—changes.
• Children are often loquacious—very talkative—and active.
• Bigamy—marriage to two spouses at the same time—is not legal in the United States.

Authors also use bold and/or italics to make a reader aware of an important term. Often the definition of the word in bold or italics follows.

Examples:

• The computer is a machine that accepts input, processes data, stores information, and produces output.
• Archaeology is the scientific study of prehistoric cultures by excavation of their remains.

Authors may use word clues such as synonyms—words with almost the same meaning—or antonyms—words opposite in meaning—near the unfamiliar term.

Examples:

• Reducing cholesterol has a number of beneficial results. One positive outcome is reducing the risk of heart disease. (synonym clue)
• I despise liver, but I adore steak. (antonym clue)

In addition to the above context clues, authors will sometimes define important terms in the margins of text.

Example: